
 5    
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 26   
-----------------------------------------------------------------

   ।⠢   i486  䠢⭮
浪.    ਢ    ࠧ
 ࠭,  ᮧ ꥪ ,
ॡ㥬 ࠭, ६ 믮  ᠭ.  
ᮮ⢥ ᠭ  ࠡ  ⪨  㥬 
᪫祭.

26.1  ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠧ 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 믮   i486  ᮢ ,
ᯮ  ⮣  16-ࠧ來,  32-ࠧ來 .
⥫쭮,  ,  , 
ᮮ⢥⢥ ਡ ࠧ , ࠢ 16  32 ⠬.
ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᮢ ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮
16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭     16-ࠧ來
 ᬥ饭 (ᮢ ⭮⥫쭮 砫 ᥣ) 
१ ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮 . 32-ࠧ來 
ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭   
 32-ࠧ來  ᬥ饭.  ࠧ,
, 믮   ᫮ (16 ⮢)   
᫮ (32 )  ਡ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 16  32
⠬, ᮮ⢥⢥.

26.1.1  ਡ  ᥣ  㬮砭
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ணࠬ, ࠡ  饭 ०,  D 
ਯ 믮塞 ᥣ⮢  ਡ  㬮砭
  ࠧ , ⠪   ࠧ ࠭.  ਡ
 㬮砭 ਬ  믮   
ᥣ. 饭  D  ࠧ   ࠧ ࠭
 㬮砭, ࠢ 16 ⠬,  ⠭  D - ࠢ 32
⠬.

ணࠬ, ࠡ騥  ॠ쭮 ०   㠫쭮 ०
8086,  16-ࠧ來   ࠭  㬮砭.

26.1.2  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  ࠧ  
-----------------------------------------------------------------

७ ஢     ᥡ 
䨪    : 䨪 ࠧ , 67H, 
䨪 ࠧ ࠭, 66H. ( ᫥饬 ࠧ, "ଠ
",    䨪ᮢ  ஢
).  䨪 ८। ਡ ᥣ 
㬮砭  ।⢥ ᫥饩   . 
 26-1  ⢨   樨
㬮砭  ८।.

            26-1. 騥 ਡ ࠧ

-----------------------------------------------------------------
砭  ᥣ D = ...  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
䨪 ࠧ ࠭ 66H    | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
䨪 ࠧ    67H    | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | Y |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 ᯮ⥫쭮 ࠭ |16 |16 |32 |32 |32 |32 |16 |16 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 ᯮ⥫쭮    |16 |32 |16 |32 |32 |16 |32 |16 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Y    ,  䨪  
N    ,  䨪   

26.1.3  ਡ ࠧ   ⥪
-----------------------------------------------------------------

,  ᯮ騥 ⥪ (ਬ, POP EAX) ⠪
 ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16  32 ⠬.
  ਡ⮬ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16 ⠬,
ᯮ 16-ࠧ來 ॣ 㪠⥫ ⥪ SP,   
ਡ⮬ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 32 ⠬, ᯮ
32-ࠧ來 ॣ ESP, 騩 ନ஢  設
⥪.

ਡ ࠧ  ⥪ ࠢ ⮬ B ਯ
ᥣ   ॣ SS. 㫥 祭  B 롨ࠥ
ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 16 ⠬; 祭 
롨ࠥ ਡ ࠧ  ⥪, ࠢ 32.

26.2  ଠ 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ਠ ஢  ।⠢ ᮡ
⢠ 饣 ଠ ,   㭪
26-1.  ⮨  樮 䨪ᮢ , 
  ⮢ ᭮  樨,  ⥫
, 饣   ModR/M   SIB (Scale Index
Base,  ⠡ 樥  ), ᬥ饭, ᫨
 室,  ।⢥  , ᫨ 
室.


------------------------------------------------------------------
    䨪     |    䨪     |     䨪    |८।
         | ࠧ  |ࠧ ࠭|    ᥣ
------------------------------------------------------------------
    0  1     |   0  1      |     0  1    |   0  1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                   ᫮ ⮢
------------------------------------------------------------------


------------------------------------------------------------------
        |  MODR/M  |   SIB    |  饭   | ।⢥
 樨  |          |          |             |    ࠭
------------------------------------------------------------------
  1  2  |  0  1 |  0  1 | 0,1,2  4     0,1,2  4
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
                   ᫮ ⮢
------------------------------------------------------------------

          㭮 26-1. ଠ   i486

訥  ஢   ।  ᭮
 樨   樨.   ।
ࠢ ࠡ , ࠧ ᬥ饭, ஢ ॣ஢
 ७ ;   ஢  
ᨬ   樨.

設⢮ ,     ࠭ 
,    樨, ᫥騩 ᫥ 
(⮢) ᭮  樨.  , 뢠 ModR/M ,
 ᯮ㥬  .  ஢  ModR
/M 㪠뢠  ன  樨, SIB (⠡
樥  ),  ᫥  ⮬ ModR/M 
室   ।  樨.

  樨   稭 ᬥ饭,
।⢥ ᫥  ⠬ ModR/M  SIB.  稨
ᬥ饭    8, 16  32 .

᫨       ।⢥ ࠭,    ᥣ
᫥   ⠬  ᬥ饭.  ।⢥  ࠭,  ᫨  
, ᥣ  ᫥  .

 ਢ ⨬  䨪ᮢ :

     F3H   䨪 REP (ᯮ ⮫쪮  ப묨 )

     F3H   䨪  REPE/REPZ  (ᯮ  ⮫쪮    ப묨
     ).

     F2H   䨪 REPNE/REPNZ (ᯮ  ⮫쪮    ப묨
     ).

     F0H 䨪 LOCK

 ਢ 䨪 ८। ᥣ⮢:

     2EH   䨪 ८। ᥣ CS

     36H   䨪 ८। ᥣ SS

     3EH   䨪 ८। ᥣ DS

     26H   䨪 ८। ᥣ ES

     64H   䨪 ८। ᥣ FS

     65H   䨪 ८। ᥣ GS

     66H   ८। ࠧ ࠭

     67H   ८। ࠧ 

26.2.1   ModR/M  SIB
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ModR/M  SIB ᫥  ⮬ (⠬)  樨 
   i486.   ᫥ ଠ:

-  樨   ॣ, ᯮ㥬  .

- ᯮ㥬 ॣ  ⥫쭠 ଠ  롮
  .

- ଠ  ,   ⠡ 樥.

 ModR/M ᮤন  ଠ樮 :

-  mod,  ஥        ,    
  樨   r/m ࠧ 32  祭: ᥬ
  ॣ஢  24 ० 樨.

-  reg, 饥 ᫥騥   ᫥  mod, 
    ॣ,  ᫥騥   ଠ樨  
  樨.   reg ।  ⮬ (
  樨) .

-  r/m, 饥  訥   ,  
   ॣ  ⢥ ⮯ ࠭, 
    樨   mod ନ஢  ஢
  ० 樨,  뫮 ᠭ .

 32-ࠧ來 樨 ⨯ -  ⠡-
ॡ   SIB. 稥  SIB ।
। ஢  ModR/M.  SIB  ⮬ 砥
ᮤন ᫥騥 :

-  ss, 饥     , 
  ⠡ 樥.

-   (index), 饥 ᫥騥   ᫥ 
  ss,   ᭮ ॣ.

-   (base), 饥     , 
    ॣ.

ଠ ⮢ ModR/M  SIB   㭪 26-2.

祭  ᮮ⢥騥  樨  ⮢ ModR/M 
SIB   ⠡ 26-2, 26-3  26-4. 16-ࠧ來 
樨,  ⮬ ModR/M,    26-2. 32
-ࠧ來  樨,  ⮬ ModR/M,  
 26-3.   26-4  32-ࠧ來 
樨,  ⮬ SIB.


              MODR/M

      7   6   5       4      3  2    1   0
     --------------------------------------
     | MOD  | REG/ 樨|   R/M     |
     --------------------------------------

          SIB (⠡ 樥,
                   , )

      7    6    5    4    3    2    1    0
     --------------------------------------
     |  SS   |        |         |
     --------------------------------------

            㭮 26-2. ଠ ⮢ ModR/M  SIB


   26-2.  16-ࠧ來 樨   ModR/M

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r8(/r)                   | AL | CL | DL | BL | AH | CH | DH | BH |
|r16(/r)                  | AX | CX | DX | BX | SP | BP | SI | DI |
|r32(/r)                  |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|/ ( 樨)    | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|REG                      |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᯮ⥫ | ModR/M |     ⭠ 祭        |
|           |        |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]        |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [BX+DI]        |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [BP+SI]        |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [BP+DI]        |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
| [SI]           | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| [DI]           |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| ᬥ16         |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [BX]           |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]+ᬥ8  |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| [BX+DI]+ᬥ8  |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| [BP+SI]+ᬥ8  |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| [BP+DI]+ᬥ8  |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
| [SI]+ᬥ8     | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| [DI]+ᬥ8     |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| [BP]+ᬥ8     |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| [BX]+ᬥ8     |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [BX+SI]+ᬥ16 |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| [BX+DI]+ᬥ16 |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| [BP+SI]+ᬥ16 |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| [BP+DI]+ᬥ16 |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
| [SI]+ᬥ16    | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| [DI]+ᬥ16    |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| [BP]+ᬥ16    |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| [BX]+ᬥ16    |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAX/AX/AL      |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| ECX/CX/CL      |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| EDX/DX/DL      |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| EBX/BX/BL      |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
| ESP/SP/AH      | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| EBP/BP/CH      |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| ESI/SI/DH      |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| EDI/DI/BH      |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: ᬥ8 砥,  8-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥
 ⮬ ModR/M,   ७    ਡ 
. ᬥ16 砥,  16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥
 ⮬ ModR/M,   ਡ  . 
ॣ஬  㬮砭  ᯮ⥫쭮 , ᮤঠ饣
 BP,  SS,    ᯮ⥫ ᮢ -
DS.

    26-3.  32-⮢ 樨   ModR/M

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r8(/r)                   | AL | CL | DL | BL | AH | CH | DH | BH |
|r16(/r)                  | AX | CX | DX | BX | SP | BP | SI | DI |
|r32(/r)                  |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|/ ( 樨)    | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|REG                      |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᯮ⥫ | ModR/M |     ⭠ 祭        |
|           |        |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX]          |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [ECX]          |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [EDX]          |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [EBX]          |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
| [--][--]       | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| ᬥ32         |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| [ESI]          |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [EDI]          |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᬥ8[EAX]     |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| ᬥ8[ECX]     |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| ᬥ8[EDX]     |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| ᬥ8[EBX]     |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
| ᬥ8[--][--]  | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| ᬥ8[ebp]     |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| ᬥ8[ESI]     |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| ᬥ8[EDI]     |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| ᬥ32[EAX]    |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| ᬥ32[ECX]    |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| ᬥ32[EDX]    |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| ᬥ32[EBX]    |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
| ᬥ32[--][--] | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| ᬥ32[EBP]    |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| ᬥ32[ESI]    |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| ᬥ32[EDI]    |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| EAX/AX/AL      |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| ECX/CX/CL      |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| EDX/DX/DL      |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| EBX/BX/BL      |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
| ESP/SP/AH      | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| EBP/BP/CH      |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| ESI/SI/DH      |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| EDI/DI/BH      |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: [--][--] 砥,   ⮬ ModR/M ᫥ 
SIB. ᬥ8 砥,  8-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥 
⮬ ModR/M,   ७    ਡ 
. ᬥ32 砥,  32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭, ᫥饥
 ⮬ ModR/M,   ਡ  .


      26-4.  32-⮢ 樨   SIB

-------------------------------------------------------------------
|r32                      |EAX |ECX |EDX |EBX |ESP |EBP |ESI |EDI |
|                     | 0  | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  |
|                     |000 |001 |010 |011 |100 |101 |110 |111 |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
|⠡஢|  |     ⭠ 祭        |
|          |   SS   |             ModR/M                    |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX]          |    000 | 00 | 08 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 28 | 30 | 38 |
| [ECX]          |    001 | 01 | 09 | 11 | 19 | 21 | 29 | 31 | 39 |
| [EDX]          |    010 | 02 | 0A | 12 | 1A | 22 | 2A | 32 | 3A |
| [EBX]          |    011 | 03 | 0B | 13 | 1B | 23 | 2B | 33 | 3B |
|     | 00 100 | 04 | 0C | 14 | 1C | 24 | 2C | 34 | 3C |
| [EBP]          |    101 | 05 | 0D | 15 | 1D | 25 | 2D | 35 | 3D |
| [ESI]          |    110 | 06 | 0E | 16 | 1E | 26 | 2E | 36 | 3E |
| [EDI]          |    111 | 07 | 0F | 17 | 1F | 27 | 2F | 37 | 3F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*2]        |    000 | 40 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 60 | 68 | 70 | 78 |
| [ECX*2]        |    001 | 41 | 49 | 51 | 59 | 61 | 69 | 71 | 79 |
| [EDX*2]        |    010 | 42 | 4A | 52 | 5A | 62 | 6A | 72 | 7A |
| [EBX*2]        |    011 | 43 | 4B | 53 | 5B | 63 | 6B | 73 | 7B |
|     | 01 100 | 44 | 4C | 54 | 5C | 64 | 6C | 74 | 7C |
| [EBP*2]        |    101 | 45 | 4D | 55 | 5D | 65 | 6D | 75 | 7D |
| [ESI*2]        |    110 | 46 | 4E | 56 | 5E | 66 | 6E | 76 | 7E |
| [EDI*2]        |    111 | 47 | 4F | 57 | 5F | 67 | 6F | 77 | 7F |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*4]        |    000 | 80 | 88 | 90 | 98 | A0 | A8 | B0 | B8 |
| [ECX*4]        |    001 | 81 | 89 | 91 | 99 | A1 | A9 | B1 | B9 |
| [EDX*4]        |    010 | 82 | 8A | 92 | 9A | A2 | AA | B2 | BA |
| [EBX*4]        |    011 | 83 | 8B | 93 | 9B | A3 | AB | B3 | BB |
|     | 10 100 | 84 | 8C | 94 | 9C | A4 | AC | B4 | BC |
| [EBP*4]        |    101 | 85 | 8D | 95 | 9D | A5 | AD | B5 | BD |
| [ESI*4]        |    110 | 86 | 8E | 96 | 9E | A6 | AE | B6 | BE |
| [EDI*4]        |    111 | 87 | 8F | 97 | 9F | A7 | AF | 77 | BF |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------|
| [EAX*8]        |    000 | C0 | C8 | D0 | D8 | E0 | E8 | F0 | F8 |
| [ECX*8]        |    001 | C1 | C9 | D1 | D9 | E1 | E9 | F1 | F9 |
| [EDX*8]        |    010 | C2 | CA | D2 | DA | E2 | EA | F2 | FA |
| [EBX*8]        |    011 | C3 | CB | D3 | DB | E3 | EB | F3 | FB |
|     | 11 100 | C4 | CC | D4 | DC | E4 | EC | F4 | FC |
| [EBP*8]        |    101 | C5 | CD | D5 | DD | E5 | ED | F5 | FD |
| [ESI*8]        |    110 | C6 | CE | D6 | DE | E6 | EE | F6 | FE |
| [EDI*8]        |    111 | C7 | CF | D7 | DF | E7 | EF | F7 | FF |
-------------------------------------------------------------------

: [*] 砥 ᬥ32  , ᫨ MOD ࠢ 00, 
[ESP]  ⨢ 砥.  ᯥ稢 ᫥騥 ०
樨:
          ᬥ32[]       (MOD = 00)
          ᬥ8[EBP][]   (MOD = 01)
          ᬥ32[EBP][]  (MOD = 10)


26.2.2    ᠭ  
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ਢ ਬ ଠ, ᯮ㥬  ᠭ 
  i486   :

CMC -  䫠 ७
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| F5       CMC         2        䫠 ७        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ਢ ⠡楩 ᫥ ࠣ "",
"ᠭ", "塞 䫠", "᪫祭 饭 ०",
"᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ"   "ਬ砭". 
᫥ ࠧ ᠭ ᫮ 祭  ॢ,
ᯮ㥬   ࠣ ᠭ .

26.2.2.1    樨
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 " 樨" ਢ  ꥪ ,
㥬    .   , 
ਢ  ⭠筮 ⮢ , 
᫥⥫쭮  ᯮ  . ।
⮢,  ⭠ ⮢, ᫥騥:

/ (  0  7) 㪠뢠  ,   ModR/M
 ᯮ ⮫쪮 ࠭ r/m (ॣ  ). 
reg ᮤন , ।⠢ ᮡ ७ 
樨 .

/r: 㪠뢠  ,   ModR/M  ᮤন  ࠭
    ॣ,  ࠭ r/m.

cb, cw, cd, cp: 1-⮢ (cb), 2-⮢ (cw), 4-⮢
(cd)  6-⮢ (cp) 祭, ᫥饥   樨,
ᯮ㥬   ᬥ饭   , 
祭 ॣ  ᥣ.

ib, iw, id: 1-⮢ (ib), 2-⮢ (iw)  4-⮢ (id)
।⢥ ࠭ , ᫥騩   樨,
⠬ ModR/M  SIB.  樨 ।,  
 ࠭ 祭  .  ᫮   ᫮
।⠢ ⠪ ࠧ,   ᫥ 訩 .

+rb, +rw, +rd:  ॣ,  0  7, ᪫뢠 
⭠ ⮬, 室騬 ᫥   ,
ࠧ    樨. :

     rb              rw               rd
  AL  =  0        AX  =  0        EAX  =  0
  CL  =  1        CX  =  1        ECX  =  1
  DL  =  2        DX  =  2        EDX  =  2
  BL  =  3        BX  =  3        EBX  =  3

     rb              rw               rd
  AH  =  4        SP  =  4        ESP  =  4
  CH  =  5        BP  =  5        EBP  =  5
  DH  =  6        SI  =  6        ESI  =  6
  BH  =  7        DI  =  7        EDI  =  7

+i: ᯮ    饩 窮,   
࠭ -  ST(i)  ⥪ ॣ஢  権 
饩 窮  (FPU). ᫮ i (஥   
  0  7) ᪫뢠  ⭠ ⮬,
室騬 ᫥   , ࠧ   
樨:

26.2.2.2   ""
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ""  ᨭ⠪    ⮬ , 
஬   뢠  ணࠬ  ASM386. 
ਢ ᯨ᮪ ᨬ᪨ , ᯮ㥬 
।⠢ ࠭   :

rel8: ⭮⥫    128 ⮢  128 ⮢
    127 ⮢ ᫥  .

rel16, rel32: ⭮⥫   । ⮣  
ᥣ,   ᥬ㥬 . rel16 ਬ 
  ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 16 ⠬; rel32
ਬ    ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭, ࠢ 32
⠬.

ptr16:16,ptr16:32: 쭨 㪠⥫, 筮 ⠭ 
 ᥣ, ⫨  ᥣ ⥪饩 .  16:
16 㪠뢠  ,  祭 㪠⥫ ⮨  
⥩. 祭 ᫥    16-⮢ ᥫ 
祭, ।祭  ॣ  ᥣ.
祭 ࠢ   ᮮ⢥ ᬥ饭  ।
ᥣ 祭. ptr16:16 ᯮ,  ਡ
ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬; ptr16:32 ᯮ 
砥 32-⮢ ਡ.

r8:   ⮢ ॣ஢: AL,CL,DL,BL,AH,CH,DH  BH.

r16:   ॣ஢ ࠧ஬  ᫮: AX,CX,DX,BX,SP,BP,SI
 DI.

r32:   ॣ஢ ࠧ஬   ᫮: EAX,ECX,EDX,
EBX,ESP,EBP,ESI  EDI.

imm8: ।⢥ 祭 . imm8  ᫮  
   -127  +127, ⥫쭮.  ,  
imm8   ࠭ ࠧ஬  ᫮  
᫮, ।⢥ 祭   , ࠧ
᫮   ᫮. 訩  ᫮  ᠬ
訬 ⮬ ।⢥ 祭.

imm16: ।⢥ 祭 ࠧ஬  ᫮, ᯮ㥬
 , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬. 
᫮    -32768  +32767, ⥫쭮.

imm32: ।⢥ 祭 ࠧ஬   ᫮,
ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ
32 ⠬.  ᫮    +2147483647  -2147483648,
⥫쭮.

r/m8: ⮢ ࠭, ।⠢騩 ᮡ  ᮤন
⮢ ॣ (AL, BL, CL, DL, AH, BH, CH, DH), 
ᮤন   .

r/m16: ࠭ ॣ-᫮  ࠭ , ᯮ㥬 
, ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ 16 ⠬.
-᫮  AX, BX, CX, DX, SP, BP, SI, DI. ন
 室  , 砥  ᫥
ᯮ⥫쭮 .

r/m32: ࠭ ॣ- ᫮  ࠭ ,
ᯮ㥬  , ਡ ࠧ ࠭  ࠢ
32 ⠬. -᫮  EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESP, EBP, ESI,
EDI. ন  室  , 砥 
᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮 .

m8:  , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI (ᯮ ⮫쪮
ப묨 ).

m16: ᫮ , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI (ᯮ
⮫쪮 ப묨 ).

m32:  ᫮ , 㥬 DS:SI  ES:DI
(ᯮ ⮫쪮 ப묨 ).

m16:16, m16:32: ࠭ , ᮤঠ騩 쭨 㪠⥫,
⠢   ᥫ. ᫮ ᫥   ᮮ⢥
ᥫ ᥣ    㪠⥫.   ᫮   ࠢ      
ᮮ⢥  ᬥ饭.

m16&32, m16&16, m32&32: ࠭ , 騩  
⮢ , ࠧ  祭 ᫥  ࠢ 
ᨬ ᠭ (&).  ० 樨  ࠧ襭,
࠭ m16&16  m32&32 ᯮ  BOUND 
祭 ࠭, ᮤঠ饣    ࠭ 
ᮢ ᨢ. m16&32 ᯮ  LIDT  LGDT 
祭 ᫮,  㦠  ࠭,  
᫮,  㦠   ᮮ⢥ ॣ஢
⠡ ਯ஢ - 쭮  뢠.

moffs8, moffs16, moffs32: (ᬥ饭  ) - 
६  ⨯ BYTE, WORD  DWORD, ᯮ㥬
묨 ਠ⠬  MOV. ᪨  
 ᬥ饭 ⭮⥫쭮  ᥣ.   
ModR/ M  ᯮ. ᫮, 㪠  moffs, 砥
ࠧ, ।塞 ਡ ࠧ  .

Sreg: ᥣ ॣ. 祭 ⮢ ᥣ ॣ஢:
ES=0, CS=1, SS=2, DS=3, FS=4  GS=5.

m32real, m64real, m80real: (ᮮ⢥⢥) - ࠭  -
⢨⥫ ᫠  饩 窮 ୮,  
७ 筮.

m16int, m32int, m64int: (ᮮ⢥⢥) - ࠭  -
楫᫥ ⨯ word, short  long  饩 窮.

mNbyte: N-⮢ ࠭   饩 窮.

ST  ST(0): 訩  ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU.

ST(i): i-   設 ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU (i =0...7).

26.2.2.3   "᫮ ⠪⮢ 横"
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 "᫮ ⠪⮢ 横"  ਬ୮ ᫮ ⠪⮢
横,  ஥ 믮 . ᫥ ⠪⮢
横 ந 室  ᫥ ।:

-  㯥     ந室 -
  (宦 ᪮  ).

-   室 室  .

-  横 㫨஢     
  ᯮ짮 .

- ࠭  ࠭ 室 ᮢ  TLB.

- ࠭  ࠢ.

- ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮  ᯮ  
  ॣ    ᭮ ॣ,   ॣ 
   ॣ஬ 祭 ।饩 .

- 饭  ।⢥ 祭  ᯮ
  ६.

-  ६ 믮  ந室 ᪫祭.

- প     .

㦤  த⢨  ,   ᫮ 
믮, 室  ਫ E.

 ᯥ䨪  ⠪⮢ 横 ᯮ ᫥騥
ᨬ᪨ :

- n ।⠢ ᫮ ७.

- m ।⠢ ᫮ ⮢ ᫥饩 믮塞
,   ᬥ饭 楫 (᫨  ) ⠥
  ,  ।⢥    (᫨
 )    ,   㣮 
  䨪() ⠪    .

- pm= ।⠢ ᮡ 稪 ⠪⮢ 横, ࠡ騩,
  믮  饭 ०. pm=  ,
 ᫮ 横   饭 ०  ०
ॠ ᮢ.

  ६ 믮   ᪫祭, 
ࠡ稪 ⮣ ᪫祭 室  㣮 , ६
믮  㢥稢  ᫮ ⠪⮢ 横,
ॡ㥬  ४祭 .  ࠬ  
᪮쪨 䠪஢:

-  TSS, ᯮ㥬  ।⠢   (TSS
  業ࠫ쭮  i486  TSS 80286.)

-  ⮣, 室  ⥪   ० V86.

-  ⮣, 室     ० V86.

-  ⮣, ந諮  -  ⪥ 㯠.

-  ⮣, ᯮ   ,   
  뢠/誨.

   26-5  ਢ  祭 ६  ४祭
  ᪫祭, ।    
ᯮ짮  .  ᠭ .  ਫ .

26.2.2.4   "ᠭ"
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 "ᠭ", ᯮ ᫥  "᫮ ⠪⮢
横" ᮤন ⪮ ᠭ ࠧ  . 
ࠧ " "  "ᠭ" ᮤন 
஡ ଠ  ࠡ .

26.2.2.5   
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ࠧ " " 室 ⬨᪮ ᠭ
, ᯮ饥 ,  몠  
᪠.  ⠢  ᫥ ⮢:

ਨ    ᨬ "(*"  "*)".

⠢    祢묨 ᫮
 "if" (IF, THEN, ELSE, FI)   "do" (DO, OD),
  "case" (CASE...OF,ESAC).

 ॣ ࠧ㬥 ᮤন ॣ.  ॣ 
 ᪮ ࠧ㬥 ᮤন 樨 ,
 ன ᮤন  ॣ. ਬ, ES:[DI] 砥
ᮤন  ,  ⭮⥫쭮 ॣ ES
ᮤন ॣ DI. [SI] 㪠뢠  ᮤন ,
ᮤঠ饣  ॣ SI ⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ  SI 
㬮砭 (DS)  ⭮⥫쭮 ८। ᥣ.


        26-5. ६ 믮 ४祭 

-----------------------------------------------------------------
                    |           
        |--------------------------------------------
                    | TSS i486 |  TSS 80286 |  TSS VM
-----------------------------------------------------------------
VM/i486/80286 TSS   |    199     |     180      |    177
-----------------------------------------------------------------
VM = 㠫 ०

 ᪮ ᯮ ⠪  ࠭ , 
 ,  ᮤন    ᬥ饭
⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ. ਬ, [SRC] 㪠뢠,  ᮤন
室 ࠭  ᬥ饭 ⭮⥫쭮 ᥣ.

A <- B  砥,  祭 B ᢠ .

 =, <>, >=  <=  樨 ⭮襭, ᯮ㥬 
ࠢ  稭, 騥 ࠢ⢮, ࠢ⢮,
  ࠢ    ࠢ, ᮮ⢥⢥. ࠦ
⭮襭, ਬ, A = B,  १ TRUE (⨭), ᫨
祭  ࠢ 祭 ;  ⨢ 砥  ࠢ FALSE
().

 ⬨᪨ ᠭ ᯮ ᫥騥
䨪:

- OperandSize ।⠢ ᮡ ਡ ࠧ ࠭
, ࠢ  16,  32 ⠬. AddressSize ।⠢
ᮡ ਡ ࠧ , ⠪ ࠢ 16  32 ⠬.
ਬ,

     IF instruction = CMPSW
     THEN OperandSize <- 16;
     ELSE
        IF instruction = CMPSD
        THEN OperandSize <- 32;
        FI;
     FI;

砥,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭   
ᯮ㥬  CMPS. . ᠭ ਡ⮢ ࠧ 
 ࠧ ࠭  砫  ,  ਢ 騥
㪠 ⭮⥫쭮 ।  ਡ⮢.

- StackAddrSize ।⠢ ᮡ ਡ ࠧ  
  ⥪, 易   ,   祭 16  32
  ,  﫮    .

- SRC ।⠢ ᮡ 室 ࠭.  稨 
  ࠭ SRC  ࠭ ࠢ.

- DEST ।⠢ ᮡ ࠭ 祭.  稨 
  ࠭ DEST  ࠭ ᫥.

- LeftSRC, RightSRC  ࠧ  ࠭,  
    室묨 ࠭.

- eSP ।⠢ ᮡ  ॣ SP,  ॣ஬ ESP, 
  ᨬ  ⠭  B  ⥪饣 ᥣ ⥪.

騥 㭪樨 ᯮ  ⬨᪨ ᠭ:

- Truncate to 16 bits (祭) 㬥蠥 ࠧ 祭 ⠪
  ࠧ, ⮡  頫  16 ,  室
  뢠 訩 .

- Addr(࠭) 頥 ᯮ⥫  ࠭
  (१ ᫥ ᯮ⥫쭮  । ᫮ 
   ᥣ).

- ZeroExtend(祭) 頥 祭, ७ 㫥 
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭ . ਬ,
  ᫨ OperandSize = 32, ZeroExtend  ⮢ 祭,
  ࠢ -10, ८ࠧ   祭 F6H   ᫮
   ⭠ 祭 000000F6H. ᫨ 祭,
  । ZeroExtend,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭ 
   祭,  ZeroExtend 頥  祭
  .

- SignExtend(祭) 頥 祭, ७  
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭ . ਬ,
  ᫨ OperandSize = 32, SignExtend  ⮢ 祭,
  ࠢ -10, ८ࠧ   祭 F6H   ᫮
   ⭠ 祭 FFFFFFF6H. ᫨ 祭,
  । SignExtend,  ਡ ࠧ ࠭ 
   祭,  SignExtend 頥  祭
  .

- Push(祭) 頥 祭  ⥪. ᫮ ⮢,
  饭  ⥪, । ਡ⮬ ࠧ ࠭
  . ⢨ Push ᫥饥:

     IF StackAddrSize = 16
     THEN
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             SP <- SP - 2;
             SS:[SP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 2 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  SP *)
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             SP <- SP - 4;
             SS:[SP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 4 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  SP *)
         FI;
     ELSE (* StackAddrSize = 32 *)
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             ESP <- ESP - 2;
             SS:[ESP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 2 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  ESP *)
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             ESP <- ESP - 4;
             SS:[ESP] <- 祭 (* ᢮ 4 ⮢, 稭
                                     , 㥬  ESP *)
         FI;
     FI;

- Pop(祭) 㤠 祭  設 ⥪  頥
  .  EAX <- Pop(); ᢠ EAX 32-⮢
  祭, ஥ Pop ᭨  設 ⥪. Pop 頥
   ᫮,   ᫮,  ᨬ  ਡ
  ࠧ ࠭. ⢨ Pop ᫥饥:

     IF StackAddrSize = 16
     THEN
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             祭  <- SS:[SP]; (* 2-⮢  *)
             SP <- SP + 2;
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             祭  <- SS:[SP]; (* 4-⮢  *)
             SP <- SP + 4;
         FI;
     ELSE (* StackAddrSize = 32 *)
         IF OperandSize = 16
         THEN
             祭  <- SS:[ESP]; (* 2-⮢  *)
             ESP <- ESP + 2;
         ELSE (* OperandSize = 32 *)
             祭  <- SS:[ESP]; (* 4-⮢  *)
             ESP <- ESP + 4;
         FI;
     FI;
     RETURN(祭 ); (*  ᫮  
                                   ᫮ *)

Pop ST ᯮ  ࠭   権  饩
窮  砥 祭  ⥪ ॣ஢ FPU.

Bit[BitBase, BitOffset] ( [, 饭])
頥    ப ⮢, ।⠢饩 ᮡ
⮢ ᫥⥫쭮    ॣ. 
㬥  ॣ    襣  襬. 
   ᫮ ᯮ ⠪ ࠧ,  訩
 ᮤন 訥  ⮢.

᫨  ࠭  ॣ,  ᬥ饭 
室   0...31.  ᬥ饭   
㪠 ॣ. ਬ, 'BIT[EAX, 21]'   㭪
26-4.

- I-O-Permission(I-O-Address, width) (襭 -뢮
(--뢮,ਭ)) 頥 祭 TRUE  FALSE
 ᨬ  ⮢ ᨢ ࠧ襭 /뢮 
 䠪஢.  㭪 । ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     IF ⨯ TSS ࠢ 80286 THEN RETURN FALSE; FI;
     Ptr <- [TSS +66]; (* 롮ઠ 㪠⥫ ⮢ ᨢ *)
     BitStringAddr <- SHR(I-O-Address, 3) + Ptr;
     MaskShift <- I-O-Address AND 7;
     CASE width OF:
            BYTE:nBitMask <- 1;
            WORD:nBitMask <- 3;
            DWORD:nBitMask <- 15;

     31            21                               0
     -------------------------------------------------
     |             | |                               |
     -------------------------------------------------
                    ^                                ^
                    |_________BITOFFSET=21___________|

     㭮 26-3. BitOffset (饭)  BIT[EAX,21]


          (⥫쭮 ᬥ饭)

     7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    -------------------------------------------------
    |   | |         |               |               |
    -------------------------------------------------
    | BITBASE + 1   |   BITBASE     |  BITBASE - 1  |
       ^                            |
       |_____OFFSET = -13___________|

          (⥫쭮 ᬥ饭)

     7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
    -------------------------------------------------
    |               |               |   | |         |
    -------------------------------------------------
    | BITBASE       |   BITBASE-1   |  BITBASE - 2  |
                    |               |     ^
                    |_____OFFSET = -11____|

           㭮 26-4.  ⮢ ᨢ

     ESAC;
     mask <- SHL (nBitMask, MaskShift);
     CheckString <- [BitStringAddr] AND mask;
     IF CheckString = 0
     THEN RETURN(TRUE);
     ELSE RETURN(FALSE);
     FI;

- Switch-Tasks -  㭪 ४祭 , ᠭ 
   7.

26.2.2.6  ᠭ

 "ᠭ" ᮤন 쭥訥 ᭥  ࠡ
.

26.2.2.7  塞 䫠
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ࠧ "塞 䫠"  䫠, 塞
,  ᠭ :

- ᫨ 䫠 ᥣ 頥  ᥣ ⠭
  ,  ᫥  䫠 ਢ  祭 (0 
  1). 䬥᪨  ᪨  筮 ᢠ
  祭 䫠 ﭨ ⠭ ࠧ, ᠭ 
  ਫ . ⫨   ᮣ襭 ᢮ 䫠
  뢠  ࠧ " ".

- 祭 䫠, ᠭ  "।",  
    । ࠧ.

 ᠭ  ⮬ ࠧ 䫠   .

 ᠭ   ࠧ "塞 䫠 FPU", 
஬ ᪠,  ࠧ     
  ᫮  ᫮ ﭨ FPU.   ᠭ
 ⠪ ࠧ "᫮ ᪫祭",  
᫥ 䫠 ᪫祭 ᫮ ﭨ FPU,
⠭ .

26.2.2.8  ᪫祭 饭 ०
-----------------------------------------------------------------

  ࠧ ᠭ ᪫祭,   
믮   饭 ०.   ᪫祭
ࠧ    (#),   ᫥  㪢 
樮  訡  㣫 ᪮. ਬ, #GP (0)
砥 ᪫祭 饩    訡 0.  
26-6 ਢ ᮮ⢥⢨  㪢  
뢠.

  9 ᠭ ᪫祭  ﭨ  i486 ᫥
室     ᪫祭.

ਪ ணࠬ    㬥樨 
樮 ⥬  । ⢨, ।ਭ,
     ᪫祭.

26.2.2.9  ᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

᪮  ० ॠ ᮢ  i486 믮
襥 ⢮ ஢ப  訡,  ०  
᫮ ᪫祭.  ஡ ଠ  ⠪
᪫祭 .   22.

26.2.2.10 ᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 㠫쭮 ० 8086 ᯥ稢 
஢ 㠫 設 8086. ᪫祭 㠫쭮
० 8086  ᪫祭  8086,  
묨 ⫨ﬨ. ஡ .   23.

                     26-6. ᪫祭

-----------------------------------------------------------------
   뢠     ᠭ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
   #UD          6            樨
   #NM          7          ன⢮ 㯭
   #DF          8           ᡮ
   #TS         10           TSS
   #NP         11              
   #SS         12            ⥪
   #GP         13           饩 
   #PF         14          ࠭ ᡮ
   #MF         16          訡 樨  饩 窮
   #AC         17          ஢ઠ ࠢ
-----------------------------------------------------------------


AAA - ८ࠧ  ASCII ᫥ ᫮
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| 37       AAA         3       ८ࠧ  ASCII ᫥     |
|                              ᫮                         |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
--------------

IF ((AL AND 0FH) > 9) OR (AF = 1)
THEN
 AL <- (AL + 6) AND 0FH;
 AH <- AH + 1;
 AF <- 1;
 CF <- 1;
ELSE
 CF <- 0;
 AF <- 0;
FI;

ᠭ
--------

 AAA  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  ADD,
饩  १  ॣ AL. 訥 㡠
࠭  ADD      0  9 (筮
- ).   砥  AAA ८ࠧ
ॣ AL ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ᮤঠ ࠢ १
筮 . ᫨  ᫮  믮 
७,  ॣ AH ६,  䫠 CF  AF
⠭. ᫨ 筮 ७  뫮,  䫠 CF
 AF ,  ॣ AH ⠥  .  
砥, ॣ AL ⠥  訬 㡠⮬, ⠭
ࠢ 0.  ८ࠧ ॣ AL  १ ASCII
 ᫥  AAA  OR AL,30H.

塞 䫠
----------------

 砥 筮 ७ ⠭ 䫠 AF   CF,
   ⢨ 筮 ७  䫠 ;  䫠
OF, SF, ZF  PF ।.

᪫祭 饭 ०
----------------------------------

     

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ
---------------------------------------

     

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
----------------------------------------

     

-----------------------------------------------------------------




AAD - ८ࠧ AX  ASCII । 
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
|D5 0A     AAD         14      ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ।  |
|                                                       |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
--------------

 AL <- AH * 10 + AL;
 AH <- 0;

ᠭ
--------

 AAD ᯮ  ⮢  筮-
 (   ॣ,    ॣ AH) 
樨 ,   㯠 १. 
믮 ⠭ ॣ AL  AL + (10 * AH), 
᫥饩 ⪮ ॣ AH. ᫥ ⮣ ॣ AX ࠢ
筮  室 㯠 姭筮
.

塞 䫠
----------------

 SF, ZF  PF ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  १⮬;
䫠 OF, AF  CF ।.

᪫祭 饭 ०
----------------------------------

     

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ
---------------------------------------

     

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
----------------------------------------

     

-----------------------------------------------------------------


AAM - ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ᫥ 㬭
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
|D4 0A     AAM        15       ८ࠧ AX  ASCII ᫥  |
|                              㬭                        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
--------------

 AH <- AL / 10;
 AL <- AL MOD 10;

ᠭ
--------

 AAM  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  MUL,
믮塞   㯠 筮-  
饩 १  ॣ AX. ᪮ १ 
100,   頥  ॣ AL.  AAM
ᯠ뢠 १  AL,  AL  10   ⭮
( )  ॣ AH,  ⮪ ( ) 
ॣ AL.

塞 䫠
----------------

 SF, ZF  PF ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  १⮬;
䫠 OF, AF  CF ।.


᪫祭 饭 ०
----------------------------------

     

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ
---------------------------------------

     

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
----------------------------------------

     

-----------------------------------------------------------------


AAS - ८ࠧ AL  ASCII ᫥ ⠭
-----------------------------------------------------------------
|         ᫮      ᠭ                         |
|樨           ⠪⮢                                    |
|                   横                                      |
| 3F       AAS         3       ८ࠧ AL  ASCII ᫥  |
|                              ⠭                        |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 
--------------

IF (AL AND 0FH) > 9 OR AF = 1
THEN
 AL <- AL - 6;
 AL <- AL AND 0FH;
 AH <- AH - 1;
 AF <- 1;
 CF <- 1;
ELSE
 CF <- 0;
 AF <- 0;
FI;

ᠭ
--------

 AAS  믮 ⮫쪮 ᫥  SUB,
饩  १  ॣ AL. 訥 㡠
࠭  SUB      0  9 (筮
- ).   砥  AAS ८ࠧ
ॣ AL ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ᮤঠ ࠢ १
筮 . ᫨  ⠭  믮 
७,  ॣ AH ६,  䫠 CF  AF
⠭. ᫨ 筮 ७  뫮,  䫠 CF
 AF ,  ॣ AH ⠥  .  
砥, ॣ AL ⠥  訬 㡠⮬, ⠭
ࠢ 0.  ८ࠧ ॣ AL  १ ASCII
 ᫥  AAS  OR AL,30H.

塞 䫠
----------------

 砥 筮 ७ ⠭ 䫠 AF  CF, 
 ⢨ 筮 ७  䫠 ; 䫠
OF, SF, ZF  PF ।.

᪫祭 饭 ०
----------------------------------

     

᪫祭 ० ॠ ᮢ
---------------------------------------

     

᪫祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086
----------------------------------------

     

-----------------------------------------------------------------



