
 24. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ணࠬ
----------------------------------------------------------------

 i486(TM), ࠡ騩  饭 ०, 
 386(), ᭮  32-ࠧ來 ⥪, 
ন ணࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ⥪ ࠭
஢ Intel(R).   ஢ প:

1. 믮 ணࠬ ஢ 8086  80286  
   ᮢ⨬.

2. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來 㫥  32-ࠧ來묨 ﬨ.

3. ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-來 ᮢ   
    㫥.

 ஢ 㦤   21,  22   23.
  ,  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 㫨
 ⢮   㣮,     㫥
  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ࠭
 .

㭪樨  i486 ࠡ 䥪⨢,  
⪮ ࠧ  16-ࠧ來   32-ࠧ來
㫥.  16-ࠧ來 㫨  ᫥騬
ࠪ⨪:

-  ᥣ ᮤঠ   64 .

-    ࠧ୮ 8  16 .

- ⥫      16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.

- ࠢ । ⮫쪮  ᥣ⠬, 
     16-ࠧ來 .

 32-ࠧ來 㫨  ᫥騬 ࠪ⨪:

-   ᮤঠ  64  ( 0   4
  ).

-    ࠧ୮ 8  32 .

- ⥫      32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.

- ࠢ । ⮫쪮  ᥣ⠬, 
     32-ࠧ來 .

ணࠬ, ᠭ  16-ࠧ來 ஢, ᮤঠ
 16-ࠧ來 .  ணࠬ, ᠭ 
饭 ०  i486, ᮤঠ  32-
ࠧ來 .  ७ ਪ ணࠬ  16-ࠧ來
஢  32-ࠧ來  i486  
, ॡ ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 .
稭  ⠭    ᫥騥:

- 㫨  ८ࠧ뢠     16-ࠧ來
  ।  32-ࠧ來.

-  16-ࠧ來   ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨
  ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᯮ짮  32-ࠧ來
  樮 ।,   32-ࠧ來 ।⢠
  ࠧࠡ⪨  ⠭ 㯭.

- 室 ⥪ 16-ࠧ來 㫥  㯭 
  䨪樨.

- ᪨      
  䨪஢ ࠧ 16-ࠧ來 ᫮.

- ⢥ ࠧ ᫮  室 몥 16-.


24.1  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ।.
----------------------------------------------------------------

ᮡ ⥪,    i486
 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ࠭  
  ᥡ:

- D- (  㬮砭)  ਯ ᥣ ,
  ।騩 롮  㬮砭 ࠧ୮ ࠭
   ᮢ   ᥣ . (  ० ॠ
  ᮢ  㠫쭮 ०  8086,  
  ᯮ ਯ஢,  㬮砭 ਭ 16-ࠧ冷).
  ᫨ D- ⠭,  ᥣ  -  32-ࠧ來
  ᥣ, ᫨ D- 饭,  ᥣ  -  16-ࠧ來
  ᥣ. D-  ࠧ ࠭  ᮢ,  
   ᯮ ࠭  ᯮ⥫  
  ࠧ.

- 䨪   ࠭  㬮砭 ࠧ୮
  ࠭  ᮢ (㯭  饭 ० ⠪ , 
    ० ॠ ᮢ  㠫쭮 ० 
  8086).

-  16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來   ।
  ࠢ  ᥣ (  맮, 
  뢠   誨).

   ࠭  । ࠢ । ⨯
  ,   D-⮬  䨪ᮬ । .

- ,    ᯮ짮   16-
  ࠧ來 ⠪   32-ࠧ來 ࠭  ᫥
  ᯮ⥫ ᮢ.

- - (让 )  ਯ ᥣ⮢ ,
  뢠騩 ࠧ 㪠⥫ ⥪ ( 32-ࠧ來
  ॣ ESP  16-ࠧ來 ॣ SP) ᯮ㥬
  ஬   뫮  ⥪.


24.2     ⠭ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 権.
----------------------------------------------------------------

 i486   䨪 ,  
 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 樨  
ᥣ:

- 䨪 ࠧ ࠭ (66H)

- 䨪 ࠧ    (67H)

 䨪 "" ⠭  㬮砭 ࠧ,
  D-. ਬ   
MOV mem, reg (, ॣ)    ᯮᮡ:

-  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ:

  1. ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ  
      ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  2. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ६頥
     16   16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ좠
     32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  3. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥
     32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮
     16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  4. ᫨ ᯮ  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪
     ࠧ ,  ६頥 16   16-ࠧ來
     ॣ    ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來
     ᯮ⥫쭮 .

-  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ:


  1. ६頥 16 ⮢  16-ࠧ來 ॣ  
      ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  2. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ६頥
     32   32-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ좠
     16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  3. ᫨ ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ,  ६頥
     16   16-ࠧ來 ॣ    ᯮ짮
     32-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫쭮 .

  4. ᫨ ᯮ  䨪 ࠧ ࠭  䨪
     ࠧ ,  ६頥 32   32-ࠧ來
     ॣ    ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來
     ᯮ⥫쭮 .

 ਬ 뢠,     ᯮ짮 
 樥  ࠧ஢ ᮢ  ࠧ஢ ࠭ 
  ⥬,  16-ࠧ來   32-ࠧ來 ᥣ
室  . 롮 16-  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ
  㬮砭   ᫥ :

1. 室 ᮢ     ᥣ,
    64 .

2. ८騩 ࠧ ࠭.

3.  ० 樨.

 㬮砭    ⠭,  
ᯮ짮 㯠  ࠭ ८饣 ࠧ 
ᯮ짮 䨪ᮢ ࠧ ࠭.


24.3      ᥣ⠬  ࠧ筮
       ࠧ來.
----------------------------------------------------------------

᪮ 롮 ࠧ୮ ࠭  ᮢ ।
 ᥣ    ਯ, ᥣ  
᢮ ࠧ  ᮡ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來
ᥣ . ⢥ ࠭祭  㪠⥫ﬨ
 16-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭,   ᮢ ⮫쪮
 64  ᥣ.   16-ࠧ來묨 
32-ࠧ來묨 ᥣ⠬   ࠧ ᥣ 
 祬 64 ,  ,    㯭
16-ࠧ來 ᥣ⠬,   饭   64 .

⥪    64   ࠧ 
16-ࠧ來묨 ⠪  32-ࠧ來묨 ᥣ⠬ .  
⥪ 砥:

- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭묨 ⠬
  ⠫樨  訬 ⠬.

- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭묨 ⠬
  ⠫樨  訬 ⠬.

- ⥪  ᥣ, 塞 ,  饭 ஬
  ⮢ ⠫樨  訬 ⮬.   ᥣ ⥪
   ᮤন   64 . (饭,
  訥 祬 0FFFFH,   ᯮ짮  ࠧ塞
    室  ⥪).

 饬 砥, B- ᥣ ⥪  ᯮ짮 
 ࠧ ⥪,  ᯮ 16-ࠧ來
ᥣ⮬ .  㪠⥫ ⥪, ᯮ㥬
஬   뫮  ⥪, ࠢ
B-⮬ ਯ ᥣ  ⥪. 묨 
뫪, 맢 뢠ﬨ, ᪫祭ﬨ  ⠪ ,
 PUSH, POP, CALL  RET.  ,  B- 
ᯮ짮  㢥祭 ᥣ ⥪ 16-ࠧ來
ணࠬ ᢥ 64 ,  ⮣ . B- 
ࠢ 묨 뫪 ⥪, ⠪  뫪 
ࠬ   ६. "让" ⥪  
ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ⮬  ⮫쪮  砥, ᫨
 ஢ ⠪ ࠧ,    뫪  ⥪
 । 䨪ᮬ ࠧ .  䨪 뢠
ᯮ짮 ⨬ 뫪 32-ࠧ來 樨.

  ᥣ, 塞  (⠭ 
⠫樨, 让   ७ ),  ᬥ饭
 64, ᫥⥫쭮 16-ࠧ來 ணࠬ 
 ᯮ짮 ᥣ ⥪ ⮣ ⨯,  ᥣ
  ஢  ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 樨.
( ஡ ଠ  G, B  E  ᮤন 
 6).


24.4   । ࠢ  ᥣ⠬  ࠧ筮
       ࠧ來.
----------------------------------------------------------------

 । ࠢ  楤ࠬ  16-ࠧ來 
32-ࠧ來 ᥣ , ணࠬ  
᫥騥  :

- ࠭ 樨   㪠⥫  16-ࠧ來
  ᬥ饭.

-  ४⭮ 饭  ⥪ 室 ࠢ쭮
   ਧ ࠧ ࠭   
  CALL/RET, 뢠/RET.

- ॢ ࠬ஢,  ᮡ ࠬ஢ 㪠⥫.

᭮,  16-ࠧ來 ᯮ⥫  
ᯮ짮  樨    ࠧ饭
 0FFFFH  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ,  ⠪ "᪨"
 32-ࠧ來 ࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ᫮. ,
  ஡ 䥩  16-ࠧ來묨 
32-ࠧ來묨 ﬨ, ᪫ 饮ᠭ ᪫祭
   襭.  襭 ஡ 
饭 ணࠬ 䥩  ﬨ.


24.4.1   㪠⥫ ᥣ 
----------------------------------------------------------------

  । ࠢ,  ᯮ 㪠⥫
 ᫥  (.. ,   ᯮ ),
ࠧ ᬥ饭 㪠⥫ । ਡ⮬ ࠧ
࠭.  ᯮ짮 㪠⥫   ᥣ 
ࠧ ࠧ୮⥩:

-  JMP, CALL  RET  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ 
  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ ᥣ   ᯮ짮
  32-ࠧ來 ࠭.

-  JMP, CALL  RET  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ 
  ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 ࠭,   ᮢ
   32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ᫨  祭  0FFFFH.

䥩 楤  ᯥ稢 堭, 騩
ᮢ  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ
 ᮬ 祭 ॢ室騬 64 . ॡ 
ᥬ 䥩 楤 㤥 㦤  
⮩ .


24.4.2    ࠢ ⥪  । ࠢ
----------------------------------------------------------------

᪮ ࠢ ⥪ ࠧ砥  16-ࠧ來 
32-ࠧ來  CALL  RET, ࠧ ࠭  
RET  ᮮ⢥⢮ ࠧ ࠭   CALL.
( 㭮 24-1). 16-ࠧ來  CALL  
⥪ ᮤন 16-ࠧ來 ॣ IP  ( 맮 
ࠧ묨 ஢ﬨ ਢ஢) 16-ࠧ來 ॣ SP.
⢥  RET ⠪  ᯮ짮
16-ࠧ來 ࠭  롮ન ⮣ 16-ࠧ來 祭 
⥪  16-ࠧ來 ॣ. 32-ࠧ來  CALL 
 ⥪ ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 ॣ EIP  (
஢ 맮) 32-ࠧ來 ॣ SP.
⢥  RET ⠪  ᯮ짮
32-ࠧ來 ࠭  롮ન ⮣ 16-ࠧ來 祭 
⥪  32-ࠧ來 ॣ. ᫨     CALL
/RET  ࠭ ࠧ筮 , ⢨  ⥪
㤥 ४,  祭 㪠⥫   㪠⥫
⥪   ४⭮ ⠭.


Ŀ
                                         
                                                                       
         ᫥ 16-ࠧ來 맮      ᫥ 32-ࠧ來 맮    
             31                    0         31                    0   
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
ࠢ /////////////////////         /////////////////////    
  Ĵ         Ĵ    
             PARM2     PARM1                     PARM2            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
               CS      IP      < SP           PARM1            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                         //////////   CS         
     V      Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                   ESP >         EIP             
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                          
                                                                       
         ᫥ 16-ࠧ來 맮      ᫥ 32-ࠧ來 맮    
             31                    0         31                    0   
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
ࠢ     SS      SP               //////////   SS         
  Ĵ         Ĵ    
             PARM2     PARM1                      ESP             
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
               CS      IP      < SP           PARM2            
           Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                                 PARM1            
     V      Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                          //////////   CS         
            Ĵ         Ĵ    
                                   ESP >         EIP             
            Ĵ         Ĵ    


     㭮 24-1. ⥪ ᫥ 맮  16-  32-ࠧ來
                    㪠⥫.

  CALL  ᮮ⢥   RET 室 
ᥣ,   祭 D- (..  
㬮砭 32-ࠧ來    㬮砭 16-ࠧ來),
  ᯮ짮 ⠭  㬮砭. ᫨  
CALL  ᮮ⢥   RET 室  ᥣ
 ࠧ 祭 D- ,   ᯮ짮
䨪 ࠧ ࠭.

  ᯮᮡ 믮 32-ࠧ來 맮
16-ࠧ來 楤ன:

1. ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來 맮 32-ࠧ來 䥩᭮
   楤,  ⢨ 32-ࠧ來 맮 
    .

2. ⢨ 맮 १ 32-ࠧ來  맮.

3.  16-ࠧ來 楤, ⠢ । 맮
   䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ॢ騩  맮 
   32-ࠧ來.


筮 ⠪     ᯮᮡ 믮 16-ࠧ來
맮 32-ࠧ來 楤ன:

1. ᯮ짮 32-ࠧ來 맮 32-ࠧ來 䥩᭮
   楤,  ⢨ 16-ࠧ來 맮 
    .

2. ⢨ 맮 १ 16-ࠧ來  맮.

3.  32-ࠧ來 楤, ⠢ । 맮
   䨪 ࠧ ࠭, ॢ騩  맮 
   16-ࠧ來. (室 ᫥, ⮡ 頥
   ᬥ饭  ॢ室 0FFFFH).

ணࠬ  ᯮ짮   ਢ 
⮤ 믮  CALL  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ,
ࠢ  ᮮ⢥  RET  32-ࠧ來
ᥣ,  믮  CALL  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ,
ࠢ  ᮮ⢥  RET  16-ࠧ來
ᥣ.


24.4.2.1  ࠢ ࠧ஬ ࠭  맮
----------------------------------------------------------------

ਧ ࠧ ࠭   CALL  ⢨⥫쭮
뢠 ⮬ D  ᥣ, ᮤঠ饣 , 
  䨪 ࠧ ࠭.

  ᥫ 㪠⥫ 뫠  CALL, 롨
 ਯ,  ⨯ 맮 । ⨯  맮.
맮, 騩 १  맮  80286 (⨯
ਯ 4),  ਧ 16-ࠧ來 ࠧ ࠭;
맮, 騩 १  맮 業ࠫ ஢ 286/
i486 (⨯ ਯ 12),  ਧ 32-ࠧ來 ࠧ
࠭. 饭 ⭮⥫쭮    ਯ
; ⠪ ࠧ,  16-ࠧ來 楤 
뢠 楤 ᯮ  ᭮ ࠭⢥ 
64   32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, ᪮ 32-ࠧ來 
맮 ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 ᬥ饭.

஢ 16-ࠧ來 ᥣ ,  ᯥ譮
᪠   8086   ० ॠ ᮢ
  80286,  饭 D-   ᯮ
䨪  ࠧ ࠭; ⠪ ࠧ,  㤥
ᯮ짮 16-ࠧ來   CALL. ⢥
䨪,  ॡ  ⮣, ⮡ 16-ࠧ來
楤 ᬮ ᤥ 32-ࠧ來 맮 -  ६饭
맮   맮  386/i486.


24.4.2.2   ࠧ 맮
----------------------------------------------------------------

  32-ࠧ來   16-ࠧ來 楤ࠬ,
室 뢠 ᫮ ࠬ஢.   ਯ
 । ࠧ ப ࠬ஢, 㥬 
⥪饣 ⥪  ⥪  ਢ஢ 楤. 
 16-ࠧ來  । ᫮ 㥬 ᫮,
⮣    32-ࠧ來  । ᫮
㥬  ᫮; ⮬ 16-ࠧ來 楤 
ᯮ짮 ⭮ ᫮ ᫮  ⢥ ࠬ஢.


24.4.3  । 뢠 ࠢ
----------------------------------------------------------------

। ࠢ  뢠  ᪫祭 ந室
 ᯮ짮 . ਧ ࠧ ࠭ 
뢠 । ਯ஬   ⠡
ਯ஢ 뢠 (IDT).  뢠  誨
業ࠫ쭮  386/i486 (⨯ ਯ 14  15),
롨騩 32-ࠧ來 ࠡ稪 뢠, 
ᯮ짮  뢠  16- ⠪  32-ࠧ來
楤. ,  룮 । 뢠
 祭 맮 16-ࠧ來 ࠡ稪  饭
32-ࠧ來 , ᪮ 16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠
࠭  ⥪ ⮫쪮 16  頥 ᬥ饭. ᫨
32-ࠧ來 楤 饭   ॢ 0FFFFH,
 16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠   ᯥ
 .


24.4.4    ॢ ࠬ
----------------------------------------------------------------

 ᬥ饭 ᥣ  㪠⥫ ᥣ ( ᮤঠ
ᬥ饭 ᥣ) ।  ࠬ  16- 
32-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ, 室  ॢ. ᫨ 32-
ࠧ來 楤 । 㪠⥫  , ᯮ
  ॢ室 64 , 16-ࠧ來 楤,
᫥    ᯮ짮.  ᪫祭 ⮣
࠭祭, 䥩᭠ ணࠬ  믮 
室 ८ࠧ ଠ⮢  32-ࠧ來묨  16-
ࠧ來묨 㪠⥫ﬨ.


24.4.5  䥩 楤
----------------------------------------------------------------

 ࠧ饭 䥩 ணࠬ  32-ࠧ來묨 
16-ࠧ來묨 楤ࠬ ࠧ  䥩
஡, ⠪ :

-  楤ࠬ  16-ࠧ來 ᥣ 뢠
  楤  32-ࠧ來 ᥣ, 騥 ᬥ饭
  襥 0FFFFH.

- ⠭ ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠧࠬ ࠭ 
  CALL  RET .

- ॢ ࠬ஢ ().

䥩᭠ ணࠬ 頥,   ᫥騥
࠭祭.

- 䥩᭠ ணࠬ ᯮ  ᥣ 
  ⠭ D-⮬, 騬 ࠧ ࠭ 
  㬮砭 32 .

-  楤,   뢠 16-ࠧ來묨
  楤ࠬ,  ᬥ饭   0FFFFH.

-  頥 , ࠭塞 16-ࠧ來묨
  楤ࠬ, ⠪  ᬥ饭   0FFFFH.

᫨     ࠭祭 蠥,  ணࠬ
䥩 ⠭  ᫮. ਬ, ᫨
16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 32-ࠧ來 楤 
窮 室  0FFFFH, ணࠬ 䥩  ᯥ
ᬥ饭  窥 室. ⮡ࠦ  16-ࠧ來묨 
32-ࠧ來묨 ᠬ ⢫ ⮬᪨ ⮫쪮 
ᯮ짮  맮, ᪮ ਯ  맮
ᮤন 32-ࠧ來 . ᫨  맮  ᯮ,
 32-ࠧ來   ᯥ ਯ.

ணࠬ 䥩 뢠 楤  㣨 ᥣ⮢.
  ⨯ 䥩ᮢ:

-  16-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 32-ࠧ來 楤.
  楤 䥩 뢠 16-ࠧ來  CALL
   ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭ ।  RET 
  믮 16-ࠧ來  RET. 맮 32-ࠧ來
  ᥣ⮢ -  32-ࠧ來  CALL ( 㬮砭,
  ᪮ ⠭ D-),  32-ࠧ來 ணࠬ
  ந    32-ࠧ來  RET.

-  32-ࠧ來 楤 뢠 16-ࠧ來 楤.
  楤 䥩 뢠 32-ࠧ來  CALL
   頥 32-ࠧ來  RET ( 㬮砭,
  ᪮ ⠭ D-).  CALL  16-ࠧ來
  楤 ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭; 
  16-ࠧ來 楤 ⢫   16-ࠧ來
   RET.

