
 11  ⫠
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 i486 ᯥ稢 ७ ⫠ ।⢠,
  ⭮   ࠧࠡ⪨ ᫮ ணࠬ
⥬, ⠪  ⨧ 樮 ⥬. ᫮
ᡮ   ணࠬ ⥬   祭 ᫮묨 
ᨬ묨  ६. ⫠ ।⢠  i486
।⠢ ⥬ ணࠬ  㬥
ᬮ ᪮ ﭨ .

⫠ ন ।⢮ ⫠ ॣ஢. 
ᮤঠ  祪 , 뢠 ஫묨 窠
(窠 ⠭),  ᪠ ⫠筮 ணࠬ
ᯥ祭.  믮 樨      
ᮢ  ᪫祭. ஫쭠 窠  
⭮  㯠  , ਬ 롮ન  
樨   ᫮. ⫠ ॣ ন
 ஫ 窨 , ⠪  ஫ 窨 .

 㣨 ஢ ஫ 窨  ⠭
 ଠ   ஫ 祪. 
믮  ஫쭮 窨 뢠 ⫠稪. 
 砥 ⫠ ॣ஢  i486  
易⥫쭮. ᪫ 室   ࠭⢮ ,
 ⫠ 頥 ( ॡ ⠭ ⮡ࠦ
ᥣ⮢      ,    ᥣ),
 ஫ 窨  ⠭   -१⭮
ணࠬ ᯥ祭. ஬ ⮣, ஫ 窨 
 ⠭  ⥭   ,  
஫஢ ﭨ   ० ॠ쭮 ६.

11.1  প ⫠
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ᫮ । ⥪, ন ⫠, 室:

- ࢨ㥬 ⫠  뢠 -  楤
   ,  ந室 ᮡ⨥,   ⫠稪.

- ⫠  ॣ -    
  ஫ 祪.

- ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ -   㯠  
   ஫ 祪.

- ⫠ ॣ ﭨ - ᮮ頥  ᫮, 
  ⢮   樨 ᪫祭.

-  誨  TSS (T-) -  ⫠筮 ᪫祭
   ⪥ 믮 ४祭   , 
  ன    ⠭.

-   (RF) -  
  ⢥ ᪫祭    ⮩  .

-  誨 (TF) -  ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ᫥
   믮 .

-  ஫쭮 窨 - 뢠 ⫠稪 (
  ⫠筮 ᪫祭.    ୠ⨢
  ᯮᮡ ⠭ ஫ 祪  .  ᮡ
  ,  ⥫쭮    ஫ 祪,
    饭 ஫ 祪  室 .

- ࢨ㥬  뢠  ᪫祭 ஫쭮
  窨 - 뢠 楤    믮 
  ஫쭮 窨.

 ।⢠  뢠 ⫠稪  ⤥ 
 楤  ⥪ ⥪饩 .  맮 ⫠稪
  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ᫮:

     - ४祭   .

     - 믮  ஫쭮 窨.

     - 믮  .

     - 믮    .

     - ⥭    ,  ᫮      ᫮  
       ⭮  .

     -     ,  ᫮      ᫮   
       .

     - ⪠  ᮤন ⫠筮 ॣ.

11.2  ⫠ ॣ
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ࠢ ⫠ ᯮ  ॣ஢.  
⨬ ॣࠬ 믮   ࠧ⥩  MOV.
⫠ ॣ   室 ࠭  ࠭
祭  . ⫠ ॣ ⭮ 
ਢ஢ ᠬ;  MOV    
⮫쪮  ஢ ਢ஢ 0. ⪠ ⥭ 
  ⫠ ॣ  㣨 ஢
ਢ஢  ᪫祭 饩 . 
㭪 11-1  ଠ ⫠ ॣ஢.

11.2.1  ⫠  ॣ (DR0-DR3)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

   ॣ஢ ᮤন    
 ஫ 祪.  ࠧ襭 窥 ࠭ 
 ࠭᫨  䨧᪨    窨
࠭. ᫮  ஫쭮 窨 ।
ᮤন ॣ DR7.

11.2.2  ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ (DR7)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

  㭪 11-1 ⫠ ࠢ騩 ॣ 
 㯠  , 易   ஫쭮 窮.
   ॣ DR0 - DR3 ᮮ⢥  R/W0 -
R/W3  ॣ DR7.    ᫥騬
ࠧ:

     00 - 뢠 ⮫쪮  믮 
     00 - 뢠 ⮫쪮   
     10 -  ।
     11 -  뢠    ⥭      ,    
           롮થ 

                   ⫠ ॣ

 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------------------
| L | R | L | R | L | R | L | R |           | | | | | | | | | | |
| E | / | E | / | E | / | E | / |0 0 0 0 0 0|G|L|G|L|G|L|G|L|G|L|DR7
| N | W | N | W | N | W | N | W |           |E|E|3|3|2|2|1|1|0|0|
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |           | | | | | | | | | | |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|B|B|B|0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0|B|B|B|B|DR6
|                               |T|S|D|                 |3|2|1|0|
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                       १ࢨ஢                         |DR5
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                       १ࢨ஢                         |DR5
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 3           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 2           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 1           |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
|                ᪨  ஫쭮 窨 0           |
-----------------------------------------------------------------

  , 祭  0, १ࢨ஢.  ᯮ .

               㭮 11-1. ⫠ ॣ


 LEN0 - LEN3 ॣ DR7  ࠧ 樨 , 
ன ⠭ ஫ 窨.    ࠧ 
1, 2  4 .    ᫥騬 ࠧ:

     00 -   
     01 -   
     10 -  ।
     11 -   

᫨ RWn ࠢ 00 (믮 ),  LENn  
ࠢ 00. 䥪  ᯮ짮  㣮 
।.

訥 ᥬ ⮢ ॣ DR7 (  L0  L3  G0  G3)
 ⤥쭮 ࠧ ᫮ ஫ 祪  
.   ஢  ࠧ襭:  ( L0
 L3)   ( G0  G3).   ࠧ襭
⮬᪨  ஬   ४祭
, ⮡  ⥫ ᫮ ஫ 祪 
 .  ᯮ  ⠭ ஫ 祪 
 ⤥쭮 .   ࠧ襭 
४祭   .  ᯮ 
ࠧ襭 ᫮ ஫쭮 窨, ਬ  ᥬ
砬.

 i486 ᥣ ᯮ  ⫠ 筮 ᮢ
 ஫ 祪 .  , ᫨ -  ⮢
Ln/Gn ⠭,    믮 ⠪
ࠧ,  ᮮ饭  ஫쭮 窥  뤠
  ⮩ ,  맢 ࠡ뢠 
஫쭮 窨,    ᫥饩 믮塞 . 
⠪ 砥 -⠪⮢ , 믮騥   ,
   ⠪⮢ 横.

  386 DX 筮 ᮢ  ஫ 祪
  ந室, ᫨   ࠧ ⠭  LE
 GE.  i486   .

11.2.3  ⫠ ॣ ﭨ (DR6)
-----------------------------------------------------------------

  㭪 11-1 ⫠ ॣ ﭨ ᮮ頥
 ᫮,   ६ ஢ ⫠筮
᪫祭. । 祩 ଠ樨,  ᮮ頥, 
஫쭠 窨 맢  ᪫祭.

 ࠧ襭 ஫쭠 窠  ᪫祭
⫠,  㦠 訥    ॣ (
B0  B3), ० 祬   ࠡ稪 ⫠ ᪫祭.
 B ⠭, ᫨ ᫮, ᠭ ⠬ DR, LEN 
R/w ⨭,  ᫨  ஫쭠 窠  ࠧ襭 ⠬
L  G.  ⠭  B   ஫
祪,   믮 ᫮, ⠭  
樨 ⫠筮 ᪫祭, ᨬ  ⮣, 뫨 
 ࠧ襭.

 BT 易  ⮬  (⫠ ⮬ 誨)  TSS (ଠ
TSS .   6).  ⠭  BT । 室
 ⫠ ࠡ稪 ᪫祭, ᫨ ४祭 ந諮
   ⠭ ⮬ T  TSS.  ॣ DR7 
 , 饣 ࠧ   
᪫祭,    TSS  ⢥ ࠧ騬 ⮬.

 BS 易  䫠 TF.  BS ⠭, ᫨
⫠筮 ᪫祭 ந諮  蠣 ० 믮
( ⠭ 䫠 TF). 蠣 ० 믮 
⫠筮 ᪫祭  訬 ਮ⮬;   BS
⠭,  稥  ﭨ ⫠ ⠪  
⠭.

 BD ⠭, ᫨ ᫥  㤥  
뢠   쬨 ⫠ ॣ஢,   ६ 
 ᯮ ஥ ஬.

⬥⨬,  ᮤন ॣ DR6   頥
஬. ⮡  ⠭  䨪樥 ⫠
᪫祭, ⫠ ࠡ稪 ᪫祭  ।
⮬   ॣ.

11.2.4  ᯮ  ஫쭮 窨
-----------------------------------------------------------------

   LEN     ᫮ ஫쭮
窨 ।  ᫥⥫ ᮢ ⮢ 
஫쭮 窨 .  LEN   -,
 -⮢ . -⮢ 
  ࠢ  ࠭ ᫮ (,  ), 
-⮢    ࠢ  ࠭
 ᫮ (,  ६).  ॡ
ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ⠭ ஬;  ᯮ 
LEN  ᪨஢   ⮢  ⫠
ॣ. ࠢ  ஫ 祪  
    १⮢.

஫쭠 窠   ⥭   ࠡ뢠, 
  ⮢,   樨 㯠  ,
室  , ।  ॣ஬
஫쭮 窨   ⠬  LEN.   11-1
ਢ ᪮쪮 ਬ஢ 権 ᮢ   
뫪  , 뢠騥   뢠騥 ࠡ뢠
誨.

஫ 窨   ࠢ ࠭  
⠢   ஢ ⮢  ॣ ஫쭮
窨,   ⤥  ࠢ  ࠭ , 
   뢠  㦭 ࠭. 
஫쭠 窠  ᪫祭 ⮫쪮  ࠭, 
  - ᥤ ⮢.

 ஫ 祪      
   (LEN = 00);  ⠪ ஫ 祪 
砥 㣨 ࠧ஢ ࠭ ।. 
ᯮ  ஫쭮 窨  ⮫쪮  
㪠뢠    . ᫨   -
䨪,  ஫쭮 窨  㪠뢠  
䨪.

             11-1. ਬ ஫ 祪

-----------------------------------------------------------------
            ਩    |                |    
                           |(⭠)  |  ( )
-----------------------------------------------------------------
ন ॣ  |  DR0|      A0001          |1 (LEN0 = 00)
ন ॣ  |  DR1|      A0002          |2 (LEN0 = 00)
ন ॣ  |  DR2|      B0002          |2 (LEN0 = 01)
ন ॣ  |  DR3|      C0000          |4 (LEN0 = 11)
---------------------------|---------------------|---------------
                           |      A0001          |       1
                           |      A0002          |       1
                           |      A0001          |       2
樨  ,        |      A0002          |       2
뢠騥 ࠡ뢠    |      B0002          |       2
誨                    |      B0001          |       4
                           |      C0000          |       4
                           |      C0001          |       2
                           |      C0003          |       1
---------------------------|---------------------|---------------
樨  ,        |      A0000          |       1
 뢠騥 ࠡ뢠 |      A0003          |       4
誨                    |      B0000          |       2
                           |      C0004          |       4
-----------------------------------------------------------------

11.3  ⫠ ᪫祭
-----------------------------------------------------------------

  뢠  i486 १ࢨ 
⫠ ᪫祭. ⫠ ᪫祭  
ᯮᮡ ᪠ ⫠稪, ࠧࠡ⠭   i486;
᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨 ।祭  ।
஫쭮 窨  ⫠稪.

11.3.1  뢠 1 - ⫠ ᪫祭
-----------------------------------------------------------------

ࠡ稪  ᪫祭 筮 ।⠢ ᮡ ⫠稪
  ⫠筮 ⥬.   ⫠筮
᪫祭    ᪮쪨 ᫮. ⫠稪 
஢ 䫠  ॣ DR6  DR7, ⮡ ।, 
᫮ 맢  ᪫祭    ᫮ 
⠪   稭.   11-2  ﭨ
 ⮢   ⨯ ᫮ ஫쭮 窨.

஫ 窨  뢠 ᡮﬨ; 稥 ⫠
᪫祭 뢠 誠. ⫠筮 ᪫祭
६  ᮮ      ⤥쭮, 
ࠧ  .  ᫥ ࠧ   ⫠
᪫祭 ᠭ ஡.

11.3.1.1    ஫쭮 窥 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 ᮮ頥  ஫쭮 窥   믮
ᠬ ⮩  (.., ⫠筮 ᪫祭, 맢
஫쭮 窮 , ⭮  ᡮ).

 RF  ࠡ稪 ⫠筮 ᪫祭 믮
 , 맢 ᡮ,  ᪫祭 ⫠ ᡮ.
 砥  ⠪ ᡮ  ⥬ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭  ⠭  RF   ॣ EFLAGS,
頥  ⥪  ணࠬ-ࠡ稪 ⫠筮
᪫祭.   ⠢  
믮 ணࠬ   ஫쭮 窨  樨 
⮩   ୮ ᡮ. (ਬ砭:  RF  뢠
஢ 襪 ஫ 祪  㣨  ᡮ).

           11-2. ᫮ ⫠筮 ᪫祭

-----------------------------------------------------------------
㥬 䫠                          ᠭ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
BS = 1                         誠 蠣 믮
B0 = 1  (GE0 = 1  LE0 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR0, LEN0  R/W0
B1 = 1  (GE1 = 1  LE1 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR1, LEN1  R/W1
B2 = 1  (GE2 = 1  LE2 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR2, LEN2  R/W2
B3 = 1  (GE3 = 1  LE3 = 1) ஫쭠 窠, । 
                               DR3, LEN3  R/W3
BD = 1                         ⫠ ॣ, ᯮ㥬
                                ஥ 樨
BT = 1                         ४祭 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 頥 䫠 RF  ᯥ譮 襭 
,  ᪫祭 襭  IRET,  POPF 
 JMP, CALL  INT, 뢠 ४祭 . 
 ४ 䫠 RF  祭,  ࠭
 ॣ EFLAGS.

 ⠭ 䫠 RF   ॣ EFLAGS,
饭  ⥪ । 室   ࠡ稪 ᡮ. 
室  ࠡ稪 ᡮ 믮  ஫ 祪 ,
ਬ, 䫠 RF ⠭   ॣ EFLAGS,
頥  ⥪; ᫥⥫쭮,  IRET, 
ࠢ  ࠡ稪 ᪫祭, 㤥 ⠭ 䫠
RF  ॣ EFLAGS,  믮   ࢠ
஫쭮 窮   樨  ⮩  ᠬ
 㣮 ஫쭮 窨.

᫨ ᫥ ⫠筮 ᡮ 䫠 RF ⠭,  ⫠
ࠡ稪 ⠥  믮 ᡮ ,
,   ⪠ ਢ  㣨 ᡮ. 
 ᫥ ⠪ ᡮ ⠪ ந室  ⠭
䫠 RF, ⮬ த   ⫠
ᡮ.  頥 䫠 RF ⮫쪮 ᫥ ᯥ譮
襭 .

11.3.1.2  誠 ஫쭮 窨 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨  뢠 誮; ..,
  ᪫祭  ஫쭮 窨 
᫥ 믮 , 饩  樨  
,  ன ⠭ ஫쭠 窠.

 ᯮ짮 ஫ 祪  ४, ⮡
⠪  ⠭   LE,  GE ॣ DR7. 
⠭  LE  GE  誠 窨 ⠭ 
ࠡ뢠  ᫥ 襭 , 믮襩
  樨  ,  ன 뫠 ⠭
஫쭠 窠.  ᮮ饭 믮 ⥬
ਭ㤨⥫쭮  ᯮ⥫ 㫥 
襭 뫪 ࠭  । 砫 믮
᫥饩 . ᫨    㪠 ⮢ 
⠭, ஫ 窨    ஢ 
, ᫥饩  믮襩    ,  
 ஢ .  ந室 ⮬,  筮
믮  ४뢠  ६  ७ᮬ  
. 믮 ᫥饩    
襭 権   ।饩 .

᫨ ⫠稪 ॡ ࠭ ᮤন 樨
஫쭮 窨, 㤠 믮 ,   ࠭
室 ᮤন  ⠭ ஫쭮 窨. ᪮
஫ 窨   誠, 室 
  樨 ᪫祭 誨. ࠡ稪 
ᮮ ࠭ 祭 ᫥ ࠡ뢠 ஫쭮
窨.   ⫠ ॣ   ᯮ짮 
樨  祭, ᠭ ,  ਢ
 ࠡ뢠 ஫쭮 窨.

11.3.1.3   饣 㦥
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 饣 㦥 ந室  ⪥ ᯮ짮
⫠ ॣ஢   ६,   ᯮ ஥
樥.  ⥫쭠  ࠭ 
 ࠢ  ᥬ ⫠묨 ॣࠬ,  
 ॡ. ࠡ稪 ᪫祭  㦨 
᫮, ஢ ﭨ  BD ॣ DR6.

11.3.1.4  誠 蠣 믮
-----------------------------------------------------------------

 誠 ந室 ᫥ 믮 , ᫨ 
믮   ⠭ 䫠 TF. ⬥⨬,  
᪫祭  ந室 ᫥ 믮 ,
⠭饩 䫠 TF. ਬ, ᫨  POPF
ᯮ  ⠭ 䫠 TF,  誠 蠣
믮  ந室  ᫥饩 ᫥ POPF .

 頥 䫠 TF । 맮 ࠡ稪 ᪫祭.
᫨ 䫠 TF  ⠭  TSS  ६ ४祭 ,
 ᪫祭  ந ᫥ 믮 ࢮ
  .

 蠣 믮  頥  
ਢ஢  . ,  INT 
䫠 TF. ⥫쭮, ⫠稪 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 
蠣 믮   ᯮ  㫨஢
 INT n  INTO,   믮  ।⢥.

 㦨 ।  樮  ⥬  
஢ ⥪騩   ஢   ਢ஢   ᫥   
蠣 誨,  ⮡  ஢,        ⥪饬   ஢
ਢ஢ 蠣 믮   த.

ਮ 뢠 ࠭,   砥 譥
뢠 蠣 믮 ⠭.  譥
뢠  誠 蠣 믮 ந室
६,  ࠡ뢠 뢠 蠣
믮.  頥 䫠 TF. ᫥ ࠭ 
  ४祭  室 譥 뢠
᫥  믮 ࢮ  ࠡ稪 蠣
誨. ᫨ 譥 뢠    ࠡ⪨, 
 㦨. ࠡ稪 譨 뢠  ०
蠣 믮  ࠡ⠥.  믮   
蠣 믮 뢠 ࠡ稪 뢠  INT n.

11.3.1.5  誠 ४祭 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

⫠筮 ᪫祭 ந室 ⠪ ᫥ ४祭 
 ⠭  T  TSS  . ᪫祭
ந室 ᫥ । ࠢ  ,  ।
믮 ࢮ   . ࠡ稪 ᪫祭
 㦨  ᫮, ᫥ ﭨ  BT
ॣ DR6.

⬥⨬,  ᫨ ⫠稪 ⫠筮 ᪫祭 ।⠢
ᮡ ,   T   TSS    ⠭.
襭 ⮣ ࠢ  ਢ  横
.

11.3.2  뢠 3 -  ஫쭮 窨
-----------------------------------------------------------------

誠 ஫쭮 窨 뢠 믮  INT 3.
筮 ⫠稪 ⠢ ஫ ,  
  樨   樨  ஫쭮
窨.  믮  INT 3 뢠 ࠡ稪
᪫祭,   㪠뢠    ,
᫥饩   INT 3.

     ।⢮  ப  ᯮ
  ⠭  ஫ 祪  .   砥 
i486   ॠ  ᯮ짮  ⫠ ॣ஢.
, ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨  ᯮ짮 
⠭ ஫ 祪  ⫠稪, ⠪  ᪫祭
஫쭮 窨   뢠 ࠡ稪 ᪫祭,
⫨  ᠬ ᥡ. ᪫祭 ஫쭮 窨 ⠪
  ,  ॡ ⠭ 
஫ 祪, 祬  ⫠ ॣ,  
 饭  室  ࠧࠡ뢠 ணࠬ.
