
 1.   ᠭ  i486(TM).
----------------------------------------------------------------

 i486 ᯥ稢  ᪮ 믮
ਪ ணࠬ  DOS, OS/2, Windows  UNIX System V/386.
  100% ணࠬ ᮢ⨬  யࠬ 386() DX &
SX.   ࠭஢ ꥤ -
(ᢥன ⨢ ),   ன 
믮 権  饩 ⮩  ࠢ  
 奬, ⥬   ন ணࠬ
ᮢ⨬  ।騬 童 ᥬ⢠ ஢
⥪ 86.  ᯮ㥬 樨 믮  
横,  ࠢ  ᪮ 믮 RISC-.
쬨 㭨஢     ,
ᮥ  設 ⭮  묨  ᪮ 80/106
/ᥪ   25/33  ࠭ ᮪
ந⥫쭮 ⥬   ண ᪠ (DRAM).

   筮 ⥬. 
樨 㢥稢 ᪮ ࠡ  ᥬࠬ  .
㤮  奬 ࠭ ⨢稢
-  ন ।⢠  ॠ樨
஢ ஢.

஥ ⥬ ஢ ஢ 奬 ,
-  奬 ࠭筮 ८ࠧ ᮢ
.  ⫠   ᥡ ⠭ 襪
஫ 祪  믮塞    㯥  .

  i486   ᥡ:

-  ணࠬ ᮢ⨬   386 DX, 386 SX,
  ஥ 376(TM) ஬, ࠬ 80286, 8086 
  8088;

-  믮  ࠧࠡ⠭ ⠪, ⮡ 믮 
  騥 樨   横;

- 32-ࠧ來   믮 䬥᪨ 
  ᪨ 権;

- ஥  ࠡ⪨ 䬥᪨ 権 
  饩 窮  প 32, 64,  80-ࠧ來
  ଠ⮢,   ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭⮬ IEEE 754
  (ꥪ⭮ ᮢ⨬  387 (TM) DX  387 SX 䬥᪨
  ᮯࠬ);

- ७ 8 ⮢ -,  ᯥ稢
      ᯮ㥬   ;

-  ࠢ 設  প ⨢稢 
    ⥬;

- ,    ࠢ   ᮧ
  ᨬ, 饭  ࠭;

- ࠭筮 ࠧ,    ࠢ ,
   ᯥ稢   ࠬ , 訬, 祬
  㯭 ࠭⢮ , ⥬ ࠭  筮
   , 筮  ᪥;

- १᪠ ,   १
  ணࠬ ᫥ ᪫祭 (室  প
  ࠭筮 㯠  㠫쭮 );

- ୮ 믮 , ४뢠饥  ६ 
  樥 㣨 ;

-  ⫠  ⭮ প  祪
     ;

 i486 ᮢ⨬  ஢ ꥪ   ६
㣨 ࠬ ᥬ⢠ 386:

-  386 DX (32-ࠧ來 設 ) - 䥪⨢
  ⭮⥫쭮 ᢮ ⮨ ଠ  ᮭ
  ஢ ᮪   뭮 ⠭権 । ஢;

-  386 SX (16-ࠧ來 設 ) - 386- ,
  ஢  ᮭ ஢ । , 
   ⢥ ᮪ 業 ⥬  32-ࠧ來 設.

- 376 ஥  (16-ࠧ來 設 ) -
  饭 ଠ 386 , ⨬஢ 
  ਬ  ⢥ ஥  ⥬ , ⠪
   ஫ ᮢ.  386  墠⠥
  ࠭筮 ࣠樨   ᮢ⨬  ஬
  8086, ᯥ稢 ஬ i486.  376
  ⥫쭮 襢    ਠ ᯮ
   386.

 ࠡ  i486 ।,    
⥪  㯭.  i486
।ᬠਢ  ० 믮 ணࠬ:

- 饭 ० ᯮ ⢥ ⢮
  32-ࠧ來  .   ० 㯭 
     ⥪ .

-  ॠ쭮 (אַ) 樨 (뢠 ⠪ "ॠ
  ०") 㫨 ணࠬ ।  8086, 
  묨 ⥫묨 ﬨ (⠪, 
   ࢠ  ०).  १㧪 
  ⠭    ०.

- 㠫 ० 86 (뢠 ⠪ "० V86") 
  㣮 ମ 樨 ० 8086.  ⫨稥  ० אַ
  樨, 㠫 ० 86 ᮢ⨬  ⮩ 
  ࠢ .   ⠭ 㠫
  ० 86  饭 ०, ⮡ 믮 ணࠬ,
  ᠭ   8086,  ⥬ 멤  㠫쭮
  ० 86  ३  饭 ० த 믮
  ணࠬ,  ᯮ ⢮ 32-ࠧ來 .

1.1   㪮⢠
----------------------------------------------------------------

  뢠 ⥪  i486   :

-    I - ਪ ணࠬ஢.
-   II - ⥬ ணࠬ஢.
-  III - ᫥ ࠡ⪠.
-   IV - ⨬.
-    V -  .
- ਫ.

  । ⥪ன   ⥬
ᯮᮡ, 묨 ணࠬ ᯮ  . 
  ᮤঠ ଠ  祭 ࠧ
⥪ ⥩, ࠧ⨨ ନ  楯権;
ᠭ   窨 ७  ᮮ⭮襭  ᯥ᪨
砬  ᯥ᪨ ⥪묨 ﬨ.
⠫  ᮤঠ ࠢ ਠ  ணࠬ⮢,
ᮧ ਪ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  
i486.

   墠뢠 ० ࠡ  堭 
 i486. 稥  ਪ ணࠬ஢ 
⥬ ணࠬ஢ ⭮  堭 
 i486.   祭 堭  
।० ⮫  ਪ묨 ணࠬ 
樮 ⥬.  ⮩ 稭  ॣ 
 㯭  ਪ ணࠬ. ,
㦤   I   III, 㯭  ਪ ணࠬ;
, ᠭ   II, 㯭 ⮫쪮  ணࠬ,
믮塞  ᯥ樠묨 ਢﬨ,   ணࠬ,
믮塞  ०,  堭   ᯮ.

, 㯭  ਪ ணࠬ  饭
०,    ணࠬ  㠫쭮 ० 8086,
.   ᠭ   I    III 
. ⥫ , 㯭  ⥬
ணࠬ  饭 ०, ᠭ   II.  IV
뢠 ० אַ 樨  㠫 ० 86,  ⠪,
 믮 ᬥ 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來 ணࠬ.

1.1.1  I - ਪ ணࠬ஢.
----------------------------------------------------------------

  뢠 , ᯮ㥬 設⢮
ਪ ணࠬ.    祭 ᠭ ⥩,
ᯮ㥬  ᫥ ਫ,  㦤 
 III.

 2 - ᭮  ணࠬ஢:   
 ࣠樨 . । ⨯ . 뢠
⢮ ॣ஢, ᯮ㥬 ਪ묨 ணࠬ.
 ⨥ ⥪.  樨  ப. ।
 .  ਭ樯 ᫥ ᮢ.   
뢠  ᪫祭  窨 ७ ⮣,   ਬ
 ਪ ணࠬ.

 3 - ⢮   ਪ ணࠬ :
ᬠਢ , 筮 ᯮ㥬  ਪ
ணࠬ஢. ᬠਢ륬  ꥤ 
㭪樮쭮 易 㯯: ਬ, 樨  ப
ꥤ   ࠧ,   ६  ࠢ騥 
ꥤ  㣮 ࠧ. ᭮   
ᬮ७ . ஡  
ᬠਢ   IV,   ࠢ筨 
ᥬ  .

1.1.2  II - ⥬ ணࠬ஢.
----------------------------------------------------------------

   ᠭ , ᯮ㥬 樮
⥬, ࠩࠬ ன, ⫠稪  㣨
ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ஥ ন ࠡ ਪ
ணࠬ.  ⥫쭠 ଠ, ⭮ 
⥬ ணࠬ஢, ।⠢   III.

 4 - ⥪ ⥬ : 뢠  
i486, ᯮ㥬 ⥬묨 ணࠬ⠬.  
ॣ஢     i486,   ᠭ
  I  III. 뢠 ⥬-ਥ஢  
⥪ ॣ஢   ,   ন.
뫠  ,    ॣ,   
 뢠  ஡.

 5 - ࠢ  : 뢠  
, ॣ஢  ,  ন ᥣ.
,  ࠧࠡ稪 ⥬  롨 
ᥣ஢ ("᪮")  ࣠樨  
  ᥣ樥.

 6 -  : 㦤 ਬ  ᥣ⮢.
ᬠਢ ਬ ࠢ ਢ஢, ⥪
४祭, 業 ⮢୮ 㪠⥫, 짮⥫᪨ 
㯥ࢨ᪨ ०. 㦤 ᯥ⮢  
筮 ⫮  ᫥饩 .

 7 - 筮 : ,  ⭮
ᯥ祭  i486 ন 筮 
⥪⭮-ᨬ ४祭 権    
 ﭨ.

 8 - /뢮 : 뢠  /뢮
 i486,   /뢮; ,  窨
७  /뢮,  ⮢ ᨢ ࠧ襭 /뢮.

 9 - ᪫祭  뢠 :  ᭮ 堭
뢠  i486. 뢠,  뢠 
᪫祭 ⭮  . ਢ ᯨ᮪  ᪫祭
 㪠 뢠  稭  ⥫쭮 ଠ樨,
室  ࠡ⪨  ⠭  
᪫祭.

 10 - 樠 : । ﭨ  ᫥
१㧪. ,   祭 ॣ஢, 䫠 
 . 뢠,  ஢  
奬  樠⨢  ࠭樨. ন ਬ
ணࠬ 樠樨.

 11 - ⫠ : 뢠,  ᯮ짮 ॣ
⫠  i486.

 12 - ஢ :  ⨥ ஢  뢠
ᯥ樠 堭, ᯮ㥬 ७ -
 i486.

 13 - 筮 :    䫠, 
ন ⢮ ᮢ  ࠧ .

1.1.3  III - ᫥ ࠡ⪠.
----------------------------------------------------------------

    䬥⨪  饩 窮
  i486.   ᮢ⨬  ஢
ꥪ   ॠ樥 ⥩, ।
⥬᪨ ᮯࠬ 387 DX & SX, ᯮ㥬묨 
 ࠬ 386 DX & SX.

 14 -   ᫥ ਫ : । 
 ᥫ  饩 ⮩  ᬠਢ 
᫥ ᫥.

 15 - ⥪ ᫮  : 뢠 ॣ
 ᥫ  饩 ⮩  ⨯ , 㯭  
ਪ, ⠪   ⥬ ணࠬ⮢.

 16 - ᮡ 樨  ᫥ : 㦤
ᯥ樠 祭,    ।⠢ 
⢥ ଠ  i486 - ଠ ᫠,
㫨, ᪮筮, NaNs (᫥ ࠦ) - ⠪ , 
 ᫥ ࠦ.    易⥫쭮 浪 
 ⠭ ⥬묨 ணࠬ⠬,   
ய饭 ணࠬ⠬ ਪ묨.   ᠭ
ᯥ樠 権      ਪ
ணࠬ.

 17 -  ࠡ  ᫠  饩 ⮩ :
  , 筮 ᯮ㥬  ᫥
ࠡ⪨. ஡   ⫮   V -
ࠢ筨 .

 18 - ᫥ ਫ : 뢠 䬥᪨
  i486  ᫥  饩 ⮩.
। ⪨ ਬ ணࠬ  ᥬ  몠
᮪ ஢.

 19 - ࠦ ⥬ ஢ : ।
ଠ, ᭠  ࠧࠡ稪 ⥬
ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

 20 - ਬ ᫥ ணࠬ஢ : ।
஡ ਬ ᫥ ணࠬ஢  몥
ᥬ  i486,  ᫮ ⢫,
८ࠧ 祭  饩 ⮩   ।⠢
 ଠ ASCII  ⭮, ᯮ짮 ਣ᪨
㭪権.

1.1.4  IV - ⨬.
----------------------------------------------------------------

    ⥪, 
ন ࠡ ணࠬ, ᠭ   ࠭ ᨩ
஢ ᥬ⢠ Intel. ⢥ ० 믮
 饭 । ஢ 80286  386 DX.  
० 믮 ন 16-ࠧ來 ணࠬ஢: 16
-ࠧ來    믮  饭 ०,
ᯮ 䨪 ࠧ୮ ࠭, ணࠬ, ᠭ
  8086   ० אַ 樨 
80286   믮  ० אַ 樨 
386 DX,   㠫쭮 設   ᯮ짮 
樨 ० אַ 樨  ᯮ짮 㠫쭮
० 8086,   砥 筮  32-ࠧ來묨
ணࠬ.

 21 - 믮 ணࠬ  ஢ 80286  386 DX :
 ࠧ  ணࠬ஢  ஢ 80286 
i486,   ࠬ 386 DX  i486.

 22 -  אַ 樨 :  ० אַ
樨  i486.  ⮬ ०  i486 ࠡ⠥
 ᠬ   אַ 樨 80286  386 DX 
 ᠬ   8086, ᮢ襭⢮  
⥫ .

 23 - 㠫 ० 8086 : 뢠,  
i486 ন 믮    ணࠬ  8086,
8088, 80186  80188  । 饭 ०  i486.

 24 - 蠭 16-ࠧ來  32-ࠧ來  :
,   i486  ᬥ訢 16-ࠧ來 
32-ࠧ來 㫨   ணࠬ  . 
⤥   ᯮ짮 ६ 16-ࠧ來 
32-ࠧ來 ࠭  .

 25 - ⨬  䬥᪨ ᮯࠬ 8087,
80287  387 DX : ࠢ 䬥⨪  饩 ⮩ 
 i486  䬥⨪ 䬥᪨ ᮯ஢,
ᯮ㥬  ࠭ ﬨ ஢ ᥬ⢠ Intel.

1.1.5  V -  .
----------------------------------------------------------------

 I, II  III ।⠢ ⥫ 騥 
⢠   窨 ࠭ ⮣,   ᮮ⭮ 
ᯥ᪨ ᮡﬨ ⥪.  V 뢠
  䠢⭮ 浪,  ⥬ ஡ﬨ, 
室 ணࠬ⠬, ᯮ騬  ᥬ, 
ࠧࠡ稪 ⫠稪, ஢, 樮 ⥬ 
.. ᠭ  砥 ⬨᪮ ᠭ 権,
१ ⠭ 䫠, 䥪 ਡ⮢ ࠧ୮
ᮢ  ࠭  ᪫祭,    
室 믮 .

1.1.6 ਫ.
----------------------------------------------------------------

ਫ ᮤঠ ⠡ ஢   㣨
஡  ଠ, ࠧࠡ⠭   ண ᪠.

1.2 ⥫쭠 .
---------------------------------------------------------------

騥  ᮤঠ ⥫ ਠ, 易 
ࠬ ᥬ⢠ Intel :

Introduction to the 80386, Order Number 231252.
80386 Processor Hardware Reference Manual, Order Number 231732.
80386 Processor System Software Writer's Guide, Order Number 231499.
80386 High-Performance 32-Bit CHMOS Microprocessor with
Integrated Memory Management, Order Number 231630.
376(TM) Embedded Processor Programmer's Reference Manual, Order
Number 240314.
386(TM) DX Processor Programmer's Reference Manual, Order Number
230985.
386(TM) SX Processor Programmer's Reference Manual, Order Number
240331.
80387 Programmer's Reference Manual, Order Number 231917.
376(TM) High-Performance 32-Bit Embedded Processor, Order Number
240182.
386(TM) SX Microprocessor, Order Number 240187
Microprocessor and Peripherial Handbook (vol.1), Order Number
230843.

The i486(TM) Microprocessor Hardware Reference Manual 筠
   ४  ᯮ짮 ࠧࠡ稪
.  ᮤন ଠ,    
 ணࠬ⮢, ᮡ  ⥬ ணࠬ⮢. Order
Number 240552.

The i486(TM) Microprocessor Data Sheet ᮤন ᠬ ᢥ
ଠ,  ࠬ஢ ன (஢ 殮,
६ 믮 横 設, ਮ ६
᪫祭  뢠  ..). Order Number 240440.

The i486(TM) Microprocessor Product Brief Book 뢠
⢮ ࠧ த⮢, 筮 ᯮ㥬   i486.
Order Number 240459.

1.3 襭  ᯮ륬 祭
----------------------------------------------------------------

 㪮⢮ ᯮ ᯥ樠 祭 
ଠ⮢  , ᪮ ।⠢  
⭠ ᥫ.  ᯮ㥬 祭
 ⥭  㪮⢠.

1.3.1 冷 ⮢  ⮢.
----------------------------------------------------------------

  ࠧ饭     訩
 ᯮ    㭪;  
 ࠢ  孥 . 㬥 ⮢ ந
ࠢ . ᫮ 祭  ࠢ   ⥯
 .   i486 㬥   ᫮
稭  襣 饣 . 㭮 1-1
  ᮣ襭.

᫠ 筮 ।⠢  筮  ( ᭮ 10).
 ᯮ ⭠筮 ᫮ ( ᭮ 16),
 砥 䨪ᮬ 'H'.

Ŀ
                                                             
                                              
                                                             
                                               
        31        23      15       7      0    
             Ŀ             
             Ĵ 28          
             Ĵ 24          
             Ĵ 20          
             Ĵ 16          
             Ĵ 12          
             Ĵ 8           
                                   4           
             Ĵ             
                3   2   1   0  0    
                     
                                                            
                                                     
                                                     


              㭮 1-1. 冷 ⮢  ⮢.

1.3.2 ।   ᮢ⨬ ணࠬ
      ᯥ祭.
----------------------------------------------------------------

  ॣ  ਯ    
१ࢨ஢.   祭  । 
१ࢨ஢,   ᮢ⨬  ᫥騬
ﬨ ஢  , ⮡ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 ஢    騥  饬
᢮ 祭,    ⭮. ணࠬ
ᯥ祭  㪮⢮ ᫥騬 ࠢ, 
 ᠥ १ࢨ஢ ⮢ :

- ᨬ  ﭨ   १ࢨ஢ ⮢
   ஢ 祭 ॣ஢, ᮤঠ ⠪ .
   ᪨஢ ⠪ , ० 祬 ஢
  ஢.

- ᨬ  ﭨ   १ࢨ஢ ⮢
        ॣ.

- ᨬ   ࠭ ଠ, ᠭ
     १ࢨ஢ ⮢.

-  㧪 ॣ, ᥣ 室 㦠
  १ࢨ஢  祭ﬨ, 㪠묨  㬥樨,
  ᫨ ⠪ ,  㦠  祭ﬨ, 
  ० ࠭  ⮬  ॣ.

                           

ᨬ  祭 १ࢨ஢ ⮢ ॣ஢ 
ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ᨬ  㪠 ᯮᮡ, 
 ண  i486 ࠢ ⨬ ⠬.
ᨬ  १ࢨ஢ 祭 ਢ  
ᮢ⨬  騬 ﬨ ஢. 
     
    i486.

1.3.3 ࠭ .
----------------------------------------------------------------

  뢠 ᨬ᪨, ᯮ
⢮ 몠 ᥬ  i486.  ⮬
⢥   ᫥騩 ଠ :

⪠: ᪮ 祭 㬥1, 㬥2, 㬥3

 :

- ⪠ -  䨪,   ᫥ 稥.

- ᪮ 祭 - १ࢨ஢ 
   樨   ,   㭪樨.

- ࠭ 㬥1, 㬥2, 㬥3 
  易⥫묨.  ᨬ   樨   
     ࠭.  ࠭ ,   
  ࠫ  䨪஢  祭 .
  䨪 ࠭   १ࢨ஢묨
  ﬨ ॣ஢,  ।,   ᢮
  ⠬ ,   㣮  ணࠬ
  (    ਢ  ਬ).

  ᪮  䬥᪮ 樨 㪠 
࠭, ࠢ ࠭  筨 ଠ樨 (࠭
-筨),   ࠭  ⮬ ࠭
१ (࠭-ਥ).  ᥬ 모
⠢ 筨   ࠭  ⭮ 浪.

ਬ :

LOADREG: MOV EAX, SUBTOTAL

 ⮬ ਬ LOADREG  ⪮, MOV -  ᪮
祭  樨, EAX -  ࠭ १
樨 (ਥ)  SUBTOTAL - 室 ࠭ (筨).

1.3.4 ⭠ ᫠.
----------------------------------------------------------------

᫠  ᭮ 16 ।⠢   ப
⭠ ,  묨 ᫥ ᨬ .
⭠筮 ன  ᨬ  ⢠
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F). ᫨ ᫮ 稭  
  A-F, ।  ⠢ . ਬ, 0FH ࠢ
筮  15.

1.3.5 ⭠ .
----------------------------------------------------------------

 i486 ᯮ  .  砥, 
 ࣠   ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢   
 ⢫   ᫥⥫쭮 ⮢.  㯠
   ᪮쪨 ⠬,  樨 
ᯮ  . ,  ன  
⢫ ⠪ ᯮᮡ, 뢠  ࠭⢮.

 i486 ⠪ ন ᥣ . 
⠪ ଠ 樨,  ன ணࠬ   
  ࠭, 뢠 ᥣ⠬.
ਬ, ணࠬ  ࠭ ᢮  ()  ⥪ 
ࠧ ᥣ.   ᥣ 㤥 뫠 
 ࠭⢮,   ⥪ ᥣ 㤥 뫠
 ⥪ ࠭⢮.  ਢ ਬ 祭,
뢠騩 ᯮᮡ ᥣ⭮ 樨:

CS:EIP.

 ਬ 뫠     ᥣ. 
 ࠭  ॣ EIP.

1.3.6 ᪫祭 (ᮡ 樨).
----------------------------------------------------------------

᪫祭 뢠 ᮡ⨥, ஥ ,  
஦ 訡. ਬ, ⪠    ஦
᪫祭.  ᪮쪮 ࠧ ⨯ ᪫祭, 
   ⨯  ஦  訡.  訡
ᮤন ⥫ ଠ  訡.  訡
 ⮫쪮   ᪫祭. ਬ
祭, ᯮ㥬   樨 ᪫祭  
訡, ਢ .

#PF( 訡).

  ਬ 뫠  ᪫祭 ᡮ ࠭ 
᫮,   訡 㪠뢠  ⨯ ᡮ ࠭.
  ᫮ ᪫祭,   
訡,     த  .  ⮬
砥  訡 ࠢ ,    :

#PF(0).
