			    - 104 -
			    9
		  ⥬ ࠭筮 .
		  
     뢠 প ࠭筮  ஥  80386.
  ⭮ ⮨⢮ ⠪ ࣠樨 -    
প  ࠭筮	㠫쭮   .	    
ணࠬ ᯮ짮 訩 ` ⨢ ,  祬
䨧᪨ ॠ   ⥬.     祭	
⥩,    ࠭	ᯥ    (MMU)
砥:
     1)     饭 ⥬, 
,  ᠭ  ࠧ 8.
     2)   ࠭   㠫    ,	 ।⠢
ணࠬ 襥  ᭮	࠭⢮,  祬  饥  
⢨⥫쭮  ⥬ ⨢㭮 .
     3)  ॠ	   ⠫	 ⠭⨧   
樮  ⥬    ணࠬ	ᯥ祭  㠫쭮
.
     4) ॠ  	⠫,  ᭨  㧪  設  
 ⠫ প ࠭ ᨣ.
     5) ॠ  ⠫,   , ⠪  
ᯮ  ਡ⥫쭮  ⮫쪮  10%  頤   ६
⠫,   ᭨	 ⥫   ⮨   ࠭筮
㠫쭮  ࠪ᪨  ७०  稭.
     ⥬ ࠭筮    祭  ࠡ  
饭   ०.	祭      ⪫祭   堭
࠭筮  믮  ணࠬ    ⮫쪮    ஢
ਢ 0.

		     ࠭筠 .
		   
     ࠭筠       ࠧ    	᭮
࠭⢮  1...048576 ࠭  4096  . . 9.1
   楯   ࠭筮	 ࠭⢠	 .
㠫쭮 ᭮  ࠭⢮    ᫥,  䨧᪮
᭮ ࠭⢮ -  ࠢ.     ࠧ    ࠭
 㦠  ॡ㥬 㠫 ࠭  
䨧 ࠭.    祢 稭  ⮣,  
࠭筠    ࣠    ,	      饬	 砥,
।⥫ ᯮᮡ ॠ樨 㠫쭮 .
        . 9.1, ࠭⢮  㠫쭮  
筮 ⥫쭮 , 祬 饥 ࠭⢮ 䨧᪮
,     १⮬  䨧᪨	  ᪨
࠭祭.  ⮬,       ६  ⮫쪮  
࠭  㠫쭮    ࠧ饭    䨧᪮	 .
࠭,  騥    䨧᪮  ,   	 ࠢ
࠭  ன⢥ 筮 , ⠪,  ⪨ .
     ࠭筠  ⥬    窮	  ॡ	 (demand
paging),   	    뢠   ࠭   ,   
ન    䠪,    짮⥫᪠   ணࠬ   
ᢥ        ,	  易         ࠭筮
࣠樥.ନ paging  demand paging   ᨭ
 ,  ணࠬ    ᯮ짮	  㠫쭮
࠭⢮    ᢮  ᬮ७.	⥪   
  뢠	  ᪫⥫쭮  樨    
⪥ 㯠  ࠭,     .   
뢠  	ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ	,   
室,   ணࠬ 짮⥫,  㧪
 室  ࠭,  	  ⮣,      ॡ
ணࠬ  짮⥫.   	ࠢ  㯥ࢨ  
࠭  䨧᪮  ࠭  ᪥  ⮣,  
 ࠭ 㦠  .

			    - 105 -
      4- 	    ᪮ ᭮
   ᭮ ࠭⢠		 ࠭⢮
     ࠭	    ࠭ 
        4096 			  4096 
FFFFFFFFh Ĵ    FFFFFFFFh Ĵ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭
	  Ĵ	       Ĵ ॠ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭
	  Ĵ	       Ĵ
		 .			      .
	  Ĵ	       Ĵ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭	 
	  Ĵ	       Ĵॠ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭     䨧᪮
	  Ĵ	       Ĵ	 
		 .			      .
	  Ĵ	       Ĵॠ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭
	  Ĵ	       Ĵ
	   4 ࠭			4 ࠭
	  00000000h     00000000h
   .9.1 ࠭筠 㠫쭠   䨧᪠ .

	  祭/몫祭 ࠭筮 樨.
	
     31 ॣ ࠢ CR0 (. . 9.2)  ࠢ
祭/몫祭	࠭筮  樨.	  	 ࠧ,
뢠 PG, 砥 ࠭   ⠭  1 
⪫砥   ⠭  0.
      饭 ०  ࠢ	஬  MOV
CR0,<EAX>  ᯮ        CR0  (.  ⠡.  3.9).
᪮       	믮    饭
०, ࠭筠    祭    몫祭
⮫쪮  ⮬ ०. ࠭筠  ⠥ 祭 
० "㠫  8086"  (.  ࠧ  12),    筮
 ।⥫, ᪮      ணࠬ
ࠡ   ०  "㠫  8086",      ⥬  
㠫쭮 .

	   ࠢ ࠭ ࠭  ᥣ⮢.
	 
     ࠭ ࠭ ᫥    ॣ  ࢠ    4096
. ࠭ ᥣ⮢  ந     
 ࠭祭  ᥣ.   ࠧ,  ண  ,
࠭ ࠭  ᥣ⮢     㣠   
ࠢ  ᮡ.   ।   ஬
⠡ (GDT  LDT),   ६  ࠭ ।  㣨
஬:  ⠡栬  ࠭.	,     楫   ⨬樨
ந⥫쭮,  쪨	ᥣ  (4096      )
᫥ ࠢ  ⠪,  ⮡    ᯮ	  
࠭.   ਬ,  ⭮,  ⠪   ᥣ⠬,
  ᥣ  ﭨ   ,   ᠭ	   ࠧ   8.
ࠢ    ࠭	࠭,    	㧪
 ࠭ 㧨  ᥣ.
31		23		15		7		0

                          
G00000000000000000000000000TSMPER0

   .9.2  G  ॣ ࠢ R0.

			    - 106 -
       ࠢ ஢ ਢ ࠭  ᥣ⮢.
      
     ஢ ਢ ࠭ 뢠  "짮⥫᪨"  
"㯥ࢨ᪨".  ஢ ਢ   ࠭    
0,1,2  3. ஢ 3 ᮮ⢥ "짮⥫᪮", 0,1,2  -
㯥ࢨ᪮.   .  9.3    ᮮ⭮襭  ஢
ਢ ࠭  ᥣ⮢.
    .9.3  ⢥⢨ ᥣ⭮  ࠭筮 ஢
	      DPL, 㪠 		      㥬
	      ਯ ᥣ-		    ࠭筮 ஢-
	      			   
	      
 ਢ-	    0			     㯥ࢨ
஢
		    1			     㯥ࢨ
 -	    2			     㯥ࢨ
஢	    3			     짮⥫
	      

	     ࠭樨 ࠭筮 .
	  
      ࠭筮  ࠭樨  ।⠢  ᮡ  
  20  ࠧ冷	32-ࠧ來	   -
㠫쭮 ࠭  20-ࠧ來  稭-  䨧᪮
࠭.   ࠭筠	࠭    ᫥   ⠯
 ᫥ .   ⠯ ஢ 	ᠭ
饭  樨  . 4.2  7.2.

		       ࠭樨.
		    
      ࠭樨 (   䨧᪮  ࠭樨)
।  ⠡栬  ࠭樨,  ᯮ    .
80386 ⮬᪨ ⠥ ⠡ ࠭樨,  室,
 ࠭樨 㠫 ᮢ ࠭  .
      ࠭樨 ࣠ 	஢  .
楩  ୥  ஢    ⠡	⠫  ⠡
࠭ , , ⠫  ⠡  ࠭,	ᮤঠ騩  1024
,    㪠뢠  ⠡   ஢
娨.   ࠧ,  1024 ⠡ ࠭   ஢
ন ⠫.
     	 ⫨稥   		   ⠡   ࠭樨,
᪠  ࣠       १ࢨ஢
让 뢭   ᮢ   ࠭  ⠡
࠭樨.   ᪠   ࣠   ⠪   ন
ࠧᠭ  ॢ	८ࠧ	 ᮢ,      ⮫쪮
᪮쪮 ப ⠫ ⠡  ࠭  㪠뢠    ⠡
࠭.    ᢠ ਡ  ப
⠫  4-⭮ ࠭୮  ப ⠡ ࠭
 4-⭮ (  ࠭) ࠭୮.
     . 9.4   ⠡.   ࠢ  CR3
"类ਢ" ⠡ ,  ᪮    㪠뢠  
⠡ ⠫ ⠡ ࠭.  ப ⠡	⠫
㪠뢠    ࠭,  ᮤঠ  ⠡  ࠭.    ᢮
।,  ப ⠡	࠭  㪠뢠  	࠭
䨧᪮ .

			    - 107 -
		ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭
	      
     ⠫ ⠡ ࠭ ᮤন 1024 ப.   ப
㪠뢠  ⠡ ࠭ १  䨧᪨   
 ଠ.
     ப  ⠫,	  	.  9.5.  ।
᫥騬 ࠧ:
   1.    "  ⠡  ࠭"  ।  訥   20
ࠧ冷 䨧᪮   ⠡ ࠭.  ᪮
⠡ ࠭  ஢  	࠭  ࠭    䨧᪮
, ..  4096-⮢ ࠭,   訥  12	ࠧ冷
 -㫨.
						    1048576 ࠭
						   䨧᪮ 
						 ( 4096  )
						       31	 0
						       Ĵ
			     1024 ⠡ ࠭       Ĵ
			     ( 4096  )     Ĵ
						       Ĵ
						 	 
						      
				   31	     0	      31	 0
				   Ĵ	      Ĵ
				   	          Ĵ
				   Ĵ	       Ĵ
	 ⠫ ⠡ ࠭    Ĵ	       Ĵ
	 (1024 ப)		   Ĵ	       Ĵ
			     	     	 	 
	       (4096 )   	   	      
	       31	 0   	   31	     0	      31	 0
	       Ĵ   	   Ĵ	      Ĵ
	       	 	   	          Ĵ
	       Ĵ	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
	       Ĵ	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
	       Ĵ	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
	       	 Ŀ  	     Ŀ   Ĵ
	       Ĵ	  Ĵ	      Ĵ
       	 Ŀ		     	   	 
                 	   	       
       		     	   31	     0	       31	 0
       		     	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
31           0 	     	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
Ĵ 	     	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
 	     	   Ĵ	       Ĵ
			     	   	     Ŀ  Ĵ
 ࠢ (R3)     	   Ĵ	      Ĵ
			     	     Ŀ  	 
   80386. 		   	      
						      31	 0
						      Ĵ
						      Ĵ
						      Ĵ
						      Ĵ
						 	 
						       
	      .9.4  ⠡ ࠭樨.

			    - 108 -
   2.	   "   ᯮ짮   OC"   ।⠢   ᮡ
ᮢ㯭  3-   ࠧ冷,	뤥      ᯮ짮
樮 ⥬. 80386 ⮬᪨    	
 ࠧ. ਬ஬ ᯮ짮  ࠧ冷   㦨
࠭ ଠ樨  ७ ⠡ ࠭. ᫨    
ࠧ冷    筮  	࠭   ᥩ   ⥫쭮
ଠ樨    ⠡  ࠭,  樮  ⥬   
ᮧ ⤥  ᨢ        ࠭  室
ଠ樨.
   3.  D ("吝") 㪠뢠, 뫠   ⢫  
࠭  -    1024  ࠭,  㦨  
ப (D=1),   (D=0). ᫨ D=1,    ࠩ 
  ࠭, ࠭  ᪥, ५,  㯥ࢨୠ
ணࠬ   ᮮ⢥ () ࠭  ()  
, ० 祬   ()  .
31			     11    9 8 7 6 5 4 3  2   1   0
Ĵ
    31-12 OS00D00U/SR/W P 

    ப ⠫ 㪠뢠  ⠡ ࠭  ᮤন
		   祭  ਡ⮢.
  .9.5 ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭.
   4.   (" 䠪 㯠") 㪠뢠, 뫠  ⢫
 ⥭/  ࠩ       1024  ࠭
(=1)   (=0).   , ᫨ 樮 ⥬
ࠥ ⨪  ᯮ짮 ࠭.
   5.    U/S  ("짮⥫/㯥ࢨ")     饬   砥
㪠뢠  , ᢮ 1024 ࠭栬, 뢠
ᮮ⢥饩   ⠡楩   ࠭.	     
।⠢  ⠡ 9.1.
   6.  R/W ("⥭/")  饬 砥 㪠뢠  
   1024 ࠭, 뢠 ᮮ⢥饩 ⠡楩
࠭.      樨           
ᬮ७ ᮢ⭮  ⮬ U/S. . ⠡ 9.1.
   7.    ("稥")  㪠뢠,        䨧᪮
 ᮮ⢥ ⠡ ࠭ (=1)   (=0).
     , ⬥祭  0,      樠஢  
६ ᮧ ⠫ ⠡ ࠭  .  ࠧ  
 80386  १ࢨ஢  饣 ਬ.

		    ப ⠡ ࠭
		  
       ࠭  ᮤন  1024  ப.	    ப
㪠뢠  ࠭  १   	    
ଠ.
     ப  ⠡  ࠭,	।⠢	   .   9.6,
। . ⨬,   譨   । 祭
宦  ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭.
31			     11    9 8 7 6 5 4 3  2   1   0
*
      31...12** OS00D00U/SR/W P 
*
    ப ⠡ ࠭ 㪠뢠  ࠭  ᮤন
		   祭  ਡ⮢.
		.9.6 ப ⠡ ࠭.

			    - 109 -
   1.   "  ࠭"  ।  訥  20  ࠧ冷
 䨧᪮  ࠭.  ᪮  ࠭  ஢  
࠭筮 ࠭, ..  4096-⮢ ࠭,  訥 12
ࠧ冷  -㫨.
   2.	   "   ᯮ짮   "   ।⠢   ᮡ
ᮢ㯭  3-   ࠧ冷,	뤥      ᯮ짮
樮 ⥬. 80386 ⮬᪨   	
 ࠧ. ਬ஬ ᯮ짮  ࠧ冷   㦨
࠭ ଠ樨  ७ ࠭. ᫨  	ࠧ冷
 筮   ࠭  ᥩ  ⥫쭮  ଠ樨  
࠭, 樮 ⥬  ᮧ ⤥ ᨢ 
  ࠭ ⮩ ଠ樨.
   3.    D  ("吝")  㪠뢠,  뫠      ⢫
-   ࠭ (D=1)   (D=0). ᫨	D=1,  
  ⮩  ࠭,	ᮤঠ    ᪥,   ५,   
㯥ࢨୠ ணࠬ    ࠭ ⭮  
 ०, 祬    .
   4.   (" 䠪 㯠") 㪠뢠, 뫠  ⢫
 ⥭    - 祩  ࠭ (=1)
  (=0).	    ,  ᫨  樮  ⥬
ࠥ ⨪  ᯮ짮 ࠭.
   5.    U/S  ("짮⥫/㯥ࢨ")     饬   砥
㪠뢠      ,   ᢮   ࠭.	  
 ⮣  ।⠢  ⠡ 9.1.
   6.  R/W ("⥭/")  饬 砥 㪠뢠  
   ࠭.   樨     
 ᬮ७ ᮢ⭮  ⮬ U/S. . ⠡ 9.1.
   7.    ("稥")  㪠뢠,        䨧᪮
 ᮮ⢥ ࠭ (=1)   (=0).
     , ⬥祭  0,      樠஢  
६  ᮧ  ⠡  ࠭    .    樨   
 80386  १ࢨ஢  饣 ਬ.

			 ࠭
		     
     	ப	⠫  ⠡  ࠭  ࠧ  U/S     R/W
ᯮ  ⢥ ਡ⮢   ࠭   ⠡
࠭.  ࠧ  ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭ ਬ
 ⭮襭  ᥬ 1024 ࠭栬,  뢠  ⮩  ப
⠫.
      ப ⠡ ࠭ ࠧ  U/S    R/W  ᯥ稢
   ࠭.  U/S  R/W    ப  ⠡
࠭ ਬ ⮫쪮  ⭮襭    ࠭,  뢠
⮩ ப.
        . 9.7,   ஢  ⠡  ᯮ
  ࠭筮  ࠭樨.  ⮬  ,	ਬ塞   
⭮襭   	     ࠭,	।	
࠭稢饩 樥 ⮢ U/S 	R/W.  ⨥  "
࠭稢	 "   砥   襥    祭
㯥ࢨ୮     "᪫⥫쭮  ⥭",  ..
襥  祭   樨   [U/S:R/W]	   
࠭稢饩 稭,  ⮬    ᯮ.
     ਬ,  ࠭  樥 U/S:R/W ,ࠢ  10  
ப	⠫  ⠡    10    ப  ⠡,	
࠭稢饥 祭-01  ப ⠡ ࠭.
      ࠭稢騥 祭  権,  ᯮ㥬
 ,   ⠡ 9.1.
     ࠢ 㯠    ᥣ⠬  ⠪  ਬ	  ᥬ
饭    .	  筮  ⮣  ᯮ   ᠬ
࠭稢騥 ࠢ, ᨬ  	⮣,      
ࠢ 饭  ᥣ⠬    ࠭栬.  ⨬,  
  ਭ樯 "᪫⥫쭮  믮"    ⮫쪮
ࠢ ᥣ⭮ 㯠.

			    - 110 -
31		 21		   11			    0
Ĵ
             
   	     	   	    *		    

      
31    21	11     0
Ĵ
			    ࠭ ࠭
   	   	   Ŀ  䨧᪮ 
   	   					 	(4096 )
   	   					 x4
   	   					 
   	   					 +Ŀ  Ĵ
   	   					    ࠭ 
   	   					      Ĵ
   	   					      ;    ;	 ;
   	   Ŀ			      Ĵ
   			    	࠭ ⠡栳     Ĵ
   			    x4	    ࠭	      Ĵ
   			     (4096  )      Ĵ
   			    			 	 
   			    			      
   			    			 
   			    	   Ĵ	 
   			       	     
   			    +   Ĵ
   			    	   ;	;    ;
   			    	   Ĵ
   			    	   Ĵ
   			    	   Ĵ
   		⠫     	     
   4		࠭     	   
   	     (4096 )    
   	       Ĵ  
   	 	 
   	      Ĵ
   	      ;	 ;
   +     Ĵ
   	       Ĵ
   	       Ĵ
   	       Ĵ
   	 
	      
	
31		0
Ĵ

 ⠫ ࠭
 ࠢ R3
  (७ 80386)
  .9.7 ࠭    䨧᪨.
     ࠢ 㯠    ᥣ⠬  ⠪  ਬ	  ᥬ
饭    .	  筮  ⮣  ᯮ   ᠬ
࠭稢騥 ࠢ, ᨬ  	⮣,      
ࠢ 饭  ᥣ⠬    ࠭栬.  ⨬,  
  ਭ樯 "᪫⥫쭮  믮"    ⮫쪮
ࠢ ᥣ⭮ 㯠.

			    - 111 -
     9.1   , ᯥ稢 ⠬ U/S  R/W.

U/S	 R/W	  襭 	   襭 
		   ஢ 짮-	    㯥ࢨ୮
		  ⥫ (CPL=3)		   ஢ (DPL=2,1 0)

 0	  0	     ࠧ襭 	     ⥭  
 0	  1	     ࠧ襭 	     ⥭  
 1	  0	    ⮫쪮 ⥭	     ⥭  
 1	  1	    ⥭  	     ⥭  

     ਬ,	᫨    ࠧ饭      ᥣ	 ,
⬥祭  ⮫쪮 ⠥,  - ࠭  ⬥祭,
 ⠥/뢠,    ⨬  ⮫쪮  
⥭ -  ࠭稢  ࠢ  ᥣ⭮	㯠.
ன ਬ:	᫨  ᮧ  ᥣ  ணࠬ  ஢  3,  
ᮤঠ騩   	 ࠭,   祭   	"஢
㯥ࢨ", ⮣  CPL=3     믮  ⮫쪮  
࠭   ணࠬ   ᥣ,   	 祭    
"짮⥫᪨ ஢".  ன ਬ 祭 ⨯祭 
32-  ࠧ來  ⮩  ⥬    ⮩,	ᬮ७  
ࠧ  8.  ᯮ짮  ࠭筮	 樨   	 ⮩
饭 ⥬ ᠭ  ࠭	   .

		  ࠭樨  ⠫
	      
       ࠭筮 ࠭樨 訥 20  ࠧ冷  32-
ࠧ來    20 ࠧ鸞, 祭묨
 ⠡ ࠭.  ࠧ, 80386 ନ    32-
ࠧ來 , ᯮ㥬  饭  䨧 .
       9.7  뢠,	         
ᯮ  ⢥    ஢ 娨  ⠡
࠭樨  ࠭樨     䨧᪨  .
砫 訥 10 ࠧ冷 ᯮ   ⢥    
⠫ ⠡ ࠭  饭   	  1024  ப,
롨 ⥬ ᠬ   ⠡ ࠭. 騥 10	ࠧ冷
ᯮ  ⢥   ࠭ ⠡ ࠭  
饭        1024  ப,	ᮮ⢥饩   㦭
࠭. 20-ࠧ來  ࠭ ࠭  ⥬	
訥  20   ࠧ冷	    .      ନ
32-ࠧ來 䨧᪨ .
     ⨬,   ࠭	㠫쭮    	࠭
䨧᪮  ஢  4096-⮢ ࠭.  
⮬ ᮮ⢥⢨, ࠭筠	࠭  	  
訥 12 ࠧ冷  -ᬥ饭  ࠭.

    ᯮ짮 ࠭筮 ࣠樨   ⥬
     
     ࠭筠  ࣠  ᠬ  ਤ   ⥬	᢮⢮
,  ⮬,  ப  ⠫  ⠡  ࠭  
ப ⠡ ࠭ ᮤঠ ଠ  ஢  ਢ
( U/S),  ଠ  ࠢ ᯮ짮 ( R/W).
      饭  , 믮塞 80386,  ᯥ譮
ன ஫   ஢ ᥣ⭮ 樨  ஫
  ஢ ࠭筮 樨.  ஫ 楤
஢,  CPL (. .	    )     ஢
ਢ  㯠  ᥣ   DPL     ࠭  
 ஢ U/S.  ⠪ 砥,      
⨬  ନ ࠢ 㯠  ᥣ⠬  ࠢ  㯠
 ࠭栬.

			    - 112 -
      ⥪ ⮩ 32-ࠧ來 ⥬,   ࠧ  8,
⥬  ࠭筮            ᯮ짮   
࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫   ।  	
ᮢ.  ᮡ  ᥣ 짮⥫᪮ ணࠬ
  짮⥫    楫  4-⮢
 ᭮ ࠭, ⥬  ࠭筮  樨
  ࠭    ᮢ,  㯭  짮⥫,   
襩 . ࠭⢮ 짮⥫      ᮡ࠭
⥬  ⪨	ࠧ  ࠭,    ࠭   㯥ࢨ
(U/S=0).
     ⥫ ॡ, ।`塞  ᯥ譮 
 ࠭:   ("稥")  ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭ 
 ப ⠡  ࠭      ⠭    1,  
砥 ﭨ .  ⥬,	ᯮ饩  ࠭
࣠  ,    প  㠫쭮  ,
 ࠧ    ⠭  1.

ᯮ짮  ࠭筮  ࣠樨		  㠫쭮
			    

     堭 ࠭筮  ࣠樨  80386      
ᯮ짮  ᯥ祭 㠫쭮   ணࠬ.
 ⥬  㠫쭮       0, ⠪  1,
   ᥣ    筮  ⮡ࠦ  ﭨ  㠫쭮
࠭:   "   "/"   ᪥".   樮    ⥬
⢥⢥   筮  ᫥  ﭨ  ⮢  .  
  ⮬᪨	 80386	    ,      80386
⮬᪨ 뫠   ᮮ⢥騩        
饭  .
       ন ࠭  㠫  .  
 饭   ஢    ⠫  ⠡
࠭   ⠡ ࠭. ᫨ =1  ⠫ ⠡ ࠭
  ⠡ ࠭, ࠭  稨,  ࠧ  ந
࠭   䨧᪨. ᫨   ࠧ    ࠢ  0,
饭    	.    ⮣  㦨
訡	࠭,         뢠   -
᪫⥫쭮 樨. ᪫⥫쭠    14  ᢮
᫮   訡   ࠭.   ஥        80386
࠭,          訡    ࠭	 १᪠;
᫥⥫쭮, 믮  ணࠬ,  맢襩  ᪫⥫
,    	  ᫥  ⮣,     㦭
࠭  㤥  ७ᥭ  	䨧    	⠡
࠭樨 㤥   䨧᪮ ࠭  ࠢ쭮
祭  .

 ॡ   ࠭  ⥬  㠫쭮 
  
       堭  ࠭筮  樨   ᯮ   
ᯥ祭  㠫쭮   ,         
᭮ ࠭⢠   䨧᪮    
 ६. ,  ணࠬ     
  १ ᥣ,  ᠭ  ⮬  ࠧ    
⠡ 9.2.      뭮  .
      ⥬   ࠭筮  	⠫  ⠡  ࠭
ᥣ  ⠢  ;  ࠧ㬭 ॡ,  ⠪
  ,   ⠡ ࢮ ஢,  直 ࠧ,
 ॡ ⠡ ࠭.
      ணࠬ 㦨 ᪫⥫쭮 樨  "訡
࠭" (뢠  ᪫⥫쭮 樨  14);  ணࠬ
㦨,	   ७   室   ࠭   
䨧 ,  ᠬ ﭭ 室  .  
⨢  砥      ࠭  ᯥ譮	  ᬮ  
७ᥭ  䨧   ⮣, ⮡  맢 

			    - 113 -
᪫⥫	    "訡    ࠭".    筮
㦤  ਬ	  㣨  ࠬ,	   
⠢  .
       砫쭮  맮   ணࠬ   㦨   訡
࠭ (ணࠬ 㦨 ᪫⥫쭮 樨 14) IDT
  GDT		室  	,   ᪮   IDT   
४⥫ 㪠  ᪫⥫쭮  樨,    GDT  
ਯ  ᥣ⮢	ணࠬ  㦨    .  TSS
   稨, ᪮     㪠⥫  ⥪  
⥪ ஢ 0, ᯮ㥬 ணࠬ 㦨.   ⥪
஢ 0 , ᫥⥫쭮,   .  ⮩  稭
⠡ ࠭, ᯮ㥬   ࠭樨      IDT,
GDT, TSS, ⥪ ஢ 0  ᥣ⮢  ணࠬ  㦨  
,  ⠢  .  ⠡  ࠭  
 ࠡ뢠 ᭮ ⮡ࠦ     .
⠢訥 ⠡ ࠭    ⠢    ;  
  ࠢ  ,         ᮮ⢥  
ப  ⠫  ⠡  ࠭      襭    0,
㪠뢠,     .
      窨 ७  ॠ樨	  뢠,  ,
ࠩ	⥫쭮,  ⮡      ⠢      
ᯮ㥬 ணࠬ 㦨 뢠.
     室    ᮮࠦ  饩  ந⥫쭮,  ࠩ
⥫쭮 ঠ  䨧᪮        
ᯮ㥬 㣨 ணࠬ  .
 9.2
      ,    १  

    ,  			   稭
    ᯮ  

1.  ⠫ ⠡ ࠭		 饭  ⠡-
					栬 ࠭筮 ࠭-
					樨 ॡ ᯮ짮-
					 ⠫.
2.  IDT 				ॡ  ଠ-
					 맮 ணࠬ
					ࠡ⪨ 訡 -
					.
3.   ࠭  IDT		 ,    .2
4.  GDT 				     "-"
5.   ࠭  GDT		     "-"
6.  TSS 				     "-"
7.   ࠭  TSS		     "-"
8.  ⥪ ஢ 0			     "-"
9.   ࠭  -
     ஢ 0 			     "-"
10.  ࠡ稪 ᪫-		ॡ  ᯥ譮-
    ⥫쭮 樨 "訡-              믮 ணࠬ-
     ࠭".                        㦨 訡
					࠭ (᪫⥫쭠
					 14).
11.    -		ॡ  ।-
    ࠡ稪 ᪫⥫-		 ⮣,  ࠭
     樨 "訡                ࠭  ᪥
    ࠭".
12.  ࠭  		 ,    .2
    ᥣ⮢  
     ࠡ稪 -
    ⥫쭮 樨
    "訡 ࠭".


			    - 114 -
     ⨬,  ⠡ ࠭, 㯮   .  3,5,7,9,12
    ⮩  ⠡楩 ࠭.

	        ᪮७ ࠭樨 (TLB)
		
      ᪮७  ࠭樨		80386    
⠫  -, ᮤঠ ᫥  (  ६
ᯮ짮)	१  ࠭樨	.    -
뢠 ஬ ᪮७ ࠭樨;  ନ ⢮
 ⥪  ,   ⠪  -  
뫨 ॠ.
     TLB 80386	࠭	32  祭  ࠭᫨஢  ஢
࠭, ᮮ⢥ 32-  ࠬ	㠫  ࠭.  
  ६,    ਭ   
 32- 㠫 ࠭, TLB    뤠  
࠭樨 ᮮ⢥饥 祭  䨧᪮  ࠭.
   TLB,	  ந      饭  
,  뢠  ᬮ஬  TLB.  ᪮  ᬮ   TLB
 ⮫쪮 1/2 ਮ ⠪⮢ ᨣ,	TLB  ⥫쭮
᪮  ࠭筮 ࠭樨. TLB  	
 饭  १ ⠡栬 ࠭   .  ᫨
 80386   TLB,   頫  ⠡栬 ࠭樨  
 饭  .
     ᫥⢨   ⮣,   	   ᮤন	 32    ᫥
࠭᫨஢ 祭, TLB 믮  ࠭
ਡ⥫쭮  98-99% 饭  .     
⥫,  ᪮	32   ࠭	뢠   128   .
設⢮ ணࠬ    ६ 	᢮⢮
쭮 뫮, 饥,     믮  設⢮
饭    ⭮⥫쭮 㧪  㠫 ᮢ
(筮  㬬୮    ।	128  ).   ਭ樯   쭮
 TLB ࠡ 䥪⨢.
     , ᫨      	ਭ  㠫쭮
࠭, ⮡ࠦ TLB, 80386 ⮬᪨ । 
䨧᪮ ࠭ ⥬ 饭  ⠫ ⠡ ࠭  
 ⠡ ࠭, ࠧ饭  ,   	  .
9.8. ६ 80386       ப  TLB  
  ଠ,  祭	     樨.   
ࠧ, ᮤন TLB ࠦ १   믮
࠭筮 ࠭樨.

			࣠ TLB
			 
     ਤ  ப TLB ࣠       8
ப   .    ࣠  	  ஢  筮
뢠	  4-쭮	     ⢥-樠⨢.
樠⨢  뢠,    襢    ࠡ   
ࠫ , 㣨 ᫮,  ६.	ਬ,  
ந室 ᬮ TLB,   ६ 
६  訬  ࠧ鸞  14,  13  	12     㠫쭮
࠭.
         ,ᮮ⢥騩   	 ,
६ ࠢ   ⥪騬  㠫  ᮬ.  ᫨
 ᮢ         ஢,L  
뤠	  䨧᪮  ࠭    ⮣  ,   ஬
㦥 ᮢ..9.7  ࣠  L.
     ᪠  32-⭠  4-  쭠  樠⨢
࣠ ᯥ稢  ⭮  ⮣,	ॡ㥬
࠭ 㤥   L.  ᯥ稢,ਬ, 
ந⥫쭮,祬 32-  L,  騩    
 (אַ ⮡ࠦ).  窨 ७   ॠ
, 쭠 樠⨢ ॡ   -
⮢  ⠫,:ࠧ 奬 ஢,    
.9.7.

				   - 115 -
31				15 14	12 11		    0
Ĵ
     		     	    

TLBTLB	     設 
		 ⥣		    	    
		 *		       	       11...0
		      
 * 
   		32 ப,4- ⢥-樠⨢ 
   				   ᪮७ ࠭樨.
   
   		   0
 *   Ŀ 1 Ŀ
 *    2
 *   ......
 *        ...... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
 *   Ĵ......Ĵ
 *    *****...... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
 *  1 Ĵ......Ĵ
 *  *****...... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
 *    Ĵ......Ĵ
 *    *****...... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
 *     Ĵ......Ĵ
 *   8  *****...... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
 *       ......Ĵ
************      ....... 䨧᪮ ࠭DAU/SR/WP
*     ........
* **	    	 
( ஬)********    	  設  31..12
 *   *Ŀ  䨧᪮ ࠭	 
 *   *   ( ஬)	    ( ᮢ)
 *    
 ᮢ  ࠢ
	 				L
       4 ( )
   .9.8 ࣠ LB 80386.
---------------------------------------------------------------------

			   - 116 -

			   10.
       ⨢ ଠ        饭
			  ०.
       
    ⮩  㦤  80386 , 
ᯮ  饭 ०.   80386  
稨  饭 ०.
    饭 ० 80386-   ࠡ뢠  32-
  ᥣ  (    㬮砭,   D   -ᥣ⭮
ਯ ࠢ 1 )  16-  ᥣ ( D=0 ).
ᯮ짮 32-  ᥣ⮢  
ᯮ짮 80386-; 16-  ᥣ   
ᮢ⨬  ࠡ⮩ 80286-  饭 ०.
    ࠧ ࠭ 8 , 16 ,  32  .	
80386- ࠡ뢠 32-  ᥣ,  㬮砭
ᯮ 32- ᯮᮡ 樨,  ᠭ 	
7.     ࠡ뢠  16-  	ᥣ,  
㬮砭  ᯮ  16-  ᯮᮡ   樨,   
ᠭ      4.    믮  16-  
ᥣ, ⥬  ,  ᪮쪮     80386.
, ண , 16- 饭 ०	80386  -  
० ࠡ  訬 ﬨ, 祬  饭	०
80286.  ⫠ ॣ 80386,  ணࠬ ⫠
	 ᯮ짮	 		ᮡ	   ⫠筮
ந⥫쭮.       ॣ	 ࠭
⮢  ஫ ॣ,	ᯮ㥬    ⮢
 饭 ०.   ᥣ ॣ FS
  GS      䥪⨢  ணࠬ.  
 ࠡ  ⠬    ᤢ.

		       稥 .
			
    祭,    	80386  	  饭
०.  ࠢ  饭 ०  80286    12
 .  ᮢ襭  ᤢ  ଠ Jcc 
( ᫮  室)
  ᮢ襭  ⠭⭠  ଠ  IMUL-   (
 㬭)      饭  ०  80386.
 10.1    80386    ࠢ  
80286  㣨  䨪ﬨ.    ⥫  
      ணࠬ	80386-   믮	
䥪⨢, 祬 ணࠬ 8086  80286.
   ⨬,  ।  饭 ० 
⠪  믮  ॠ쭮 ०.   
樠஢ ⥬  ࠡ  饭 ०,  
   11.  ⮫쪮 饭 ०  ⠭,
	          믮  ⮫쪮   
ਢ஢ 㫥  ஢,  ᠬ  ਢ஢,
-  ⥫쭮 ஫  ⥬ ணࠬ஢.

		  ⥫ .
		  
   	,  ᫥  	.3.1,     
饭 ०.

			   - 117 -
					     10.1
		     ࠢ  8086.
 _______________________________________ ____________________
 ĳ - - -
  -  -  -  -      ᠭ
 쭮   쭮  饭 饭 
 ०   ०   ०   ०	
 80286    80386    80286    80386	
________________________________________________________
	  	    	       	  ᭮
	  	    	       	 ᯮ짮
	  	    	       	
BOUND	  BOUND    BOUND    BOUND	⢫ -
	  	    	       	 ࠭ ᨢ
ENTER	  ENTER    ENTER    ENTER	  ⥪
IMUL#	  IMUL#    IMUL#    IMUL#	אַ  㬭-
 <data>   <data>   <data>   <data>	
INS	  INS	    INS      INS	  ப
LEAVE	  LEAVE    LEAVE    LEAVE	  ⥪
OUTS	  OUTS     OUTS     OUTS	 뢮 ப
POPA	  POPA     POPA     POPA	⠫ ( ⥪)
	  	    	       	 ᭮ ॣ஢
PUSHA	  PUSHA    PUSHA    PUSHA	⠫ ( ⥪)
	  	    	       	 ᭮ ॣ஢
PUSH#	  PUSH#    PUSH#    PUSH#	⠫ ( ⥪)
 <data>   <data>   <data>   <data>	祭 ।⢥-
	  	    	       	 砥 
REP   INSREP INS  REP INS  REP INS	 塞 ப
REP OUTS REP OUTS REP OUTS REP OUTS 뢮 塞 ப
shift/ro-shift/roĳshift/ro-shift/ro-..横᪨ ᤢ
tate by  tate by  tate by  tate by	।⢥ ⮬
count	  count    count    count	
	  BT	    	      BT	 
	  BTC	    	      BTC	   
	  BTR	    	      BTR	   
	  BTS	    	      BTS	   ⠭
	  IMUL     	      IMUL	᭮ ॣ -
	   genera- 	       genera-  㬭
	   lized   	       lized	
	  MOV CRn  	      MOV CRn	६饭 /
	  	    	       	ࠢ ॣ஢
	  MOV DRn  	      MOV DRn	६饭 / ⫠-
	  	    	       	 ॣ஢
	  MOV TRn  	      MOV TRn	६饭 / ॣ-
	  	    	       	஢ ࠭ ⮢
	  Jcc full 	      Jcc full ᫮- ᤢ
	   display 	       display    室
	  Scc	    	      Scc	⠭  ᫮
	  SHLD     	      SHLD	 ᤢ 
	  SHRD     	      SHRD	 ᤢ ࠢ
	  	    	       	
	  	    	       	  饭
	  	    	       	     ०
    *	      *    	       	
CLTS	  CLTS     	       	࠭ 䫠 -
    *	      *    	       	祭 
LGDT	  LGDT     	       	㧪 ॣ
    *	      *    	       	GDTR
SGDT	  SGDT     SGDT     SGDT	࠭ ॣ
	  	    	       	GDTR

			   - 118 -
 _______________________________________ ____________________
 ĳ - - -
  -  -  -  -      ᠭ
 쭮   쭮  饭 饭 
 ०   ०   ०   ०	
 80286    80386    80286    80386	
________________________________________________________
    *	      *    	       	
LIDT	  LIDT     	       	㧪 ॣ
    *	      *    	       	IDTR
SIDT	  SIDT     SIDT     SIDT	࠭ ॣ
    *	      *    	       	IDTR
LMSW	  LMSW     	       	㧪 ᫮ -
    *	      *    	       	 ன⢠
SMSW	  SMSW     SMSW     SMSW	࠭ ᫮ -
	  	    	       	 ன⢠
	  	    ARPL     ARPL	㫨஢ ਢ-
	  	    	       	஢ ஢ -
	  	    	       	訢饣 ன⢠
	  	    LAR      LAR	㧪 ࠢ 㯠
	  	    LSL      LSL	㧪 ࠭ ᥣ-
	  	    	       	
	  	    VERR     VERR	䨪  ⥭
	  	    VERW     VERW	䨪  
	  	    	       	
	  	    	       	쪮    㫥
	  	    	       	஢  饭
	  	    	       	    ०
	  	    	       	
	  	    CLTS     CLTS	࠭ 䫠 -
	  	    	       	祭 
	  	    LIDT     LIDT	㧪 ॣ IDTR
	  	    LGDT     LGDT	㧪 ॣ GDTR
	  	    LMSW     LMSW	㧪 ᫮ 
	  	    	       	ன⢠
	  	    LLDT     LLDT	㧪 ॣ LDTR
	  	    LTR      LTR	㧪 ॣ TR
	  	    	      MOV CRn, 㧪 ஫쭮
	  	    	        <ea>	ॣ n
	  	    	      MOV <ea>,࠭ ஫쭮
	  	    	        CRn	ॣ n
	  	    	      MOV TRn, 㧪 ⮢ -
	  	    	        <ea>	 n
	  	    	      MOV <ea>,࠭ ⮢
	  	    	        TRn	ॣ n
	  	    	      MOV DRn, 㧪 ⫠筮
	  	    	        <ea>	ॣ n
	  	    	      MOV <ea>,࠭ ⫠筮
	  	    	        DRn	ॣ n
___________________________________________________________
*   饭 ० ⢨⥫ ⮫쪮  ॠ쭮
  ०,  ⮡  ᤥ    樠  饭
  ०.

			   - 119 -
     ࠭祭  ࠧ ᥣ  饭 ०.
     
    饭 ० ᨬ ࠧ ᥣ ।
ᮤন ਯ.  ᥣ  ᥣ  
  16-묨 ᥣ⠬, 騬  ᨬ쭮	ᬥ饭
FFFFh , ⠪  32-묨 ᥣ⠬,  騬  ᨬ쭮
ᬥ饭  FFFFFFFFh  .      D   ᥣ⭮   ਯ
(⠭  㬮砭) । 16-  ᥣ
(D=0)   32-  (D=1).  ࠭  ᥣ  ॡ,  ⮡
䥪⨢ , ᣥ஢   饭  ०,  뫨
	  ࠢ  ।쭮  ࠧ  ᥣ.      砥
 ࠭, ⠪  ࠧ,  ॡ,  ⮡  
࠭    楫  	ᬥ饭		  ࠢ  ।.   
饭 ० ⪠ 㯠    ࠭,    
楫  筮  । ᥣ, ਢ  襭
 뢠 ᪫⥫ . ( 襭 ࠭	ᥣ
 뢠   16.)    ࠭,  ⠪	ࠧ,
   । ࠭ ᥣ.

			   11.
        32- .
     
        祢  ਬ  樠樨  80386-  
32-⭮     㭪樮஢.      ⥬	    䨣
⠭  ⥩ 饭 ⥬,  ᠭ 
  8,     4-⭮      אַ   樨   
஢ ⥬ .

			    .
			    
    㬮    ணࠬ, ।⠢    ⮩
,	樠	80386-   	ࠡ	    32-
.  ࠧ,   ணࠬ  ࠧ蠥   饭
०.	ᯮ  2   ਢ஢   ஢:	
ਢ஢ -         㯥ࢨ,	  
ਢ஢ ஢ -    	    짮⥫.
ணࠬ ࠧ蠥   ᥩ 4-⭮   אַ
樨.

			  堭.
			  
   ணࠬ  樠   ᪮쪮   ⥬   ॣ஢
80386-, ⮡ ᤥ  饭 ०      
室  ⠡栬  ਯ஢  GDT    IDT.        
  ᫥⥫쭮 ,    
ᯮ짮  樠樨 80386  32-⭮ ०  ࠡ,
 㭪       ,  	    
`  	  ணࠬ  樠樨.  
㭪 ᫥ .
1. ணࠬ ᪮஢ ⠪, ⮡  믮  
᫥ ⠭  .  	    楤
	室    EPROM,      稭  믮   
室 .  १㧪 80386- 室 	ॠ쭮
०,    ᥣ  砫쭮    FFFF0000h
(64      設   4-⭮	䨧᪮    ᭮
࠭⢠, 稭, ॢ室  ଠ쭮  1-⭮
᭮ ࠭⢮ ॠ쭮  ०.  IP    FFF0h,  
ਢ      ⮬,      砫	 	 맮    㤥
FFFF0000h + FFF0h (   ᥣ + 祭 IP) =
FFFFFFF0h    䨧᪮  .  ⨬,     
ᥣ  IP,   ,	᪠  ᠬ㧪    
EPROM,  頥   設  4-⭮  䨧᪮
.  .11.1.

			   - 120 -
2. ࢠ    ணࠬ   -	JMP.  ..    ਬ
ᤥ ⠪, ⮡ ﭭ 室  ᠬ稪 EPROM  
設 䨧᪮ ᭮ ࠭⢠,  JMP   
ᥣ⭮ JMP ( 樨 9h,  אַ  室  
   ᥣ),	⮡	   १㧪   
-ᥣ⭮ .
3.  ६ ࠡ ணࠬ  ⥬  ॣ  GDTR    IDTR
80386-  㦠  祭ﬨ,    㪠뢠	   
⠡ ਯ஢, ᬮ७   8, GDT  IDT. ࠧ
 GDT  IDT ⠪ 祭  ᠬ稪   EPROM  (.
.11.2). :  ਯ      EPROM-ࠧ
GDT   	⮢  㯠.  ਯ  TSS  
    ⮢  㯠     ⠭.  砭:
ࠧ GDT    IDT      ᪮஢    RAM,  ᫨  
,   ⠡, ⠪      ⥬
᪨.    ⨧筮  ⥬	 ⠡      
ᯮ  	RAM   ⠪,   ⮡   80386      	 ᫥
஫஢	  	᪮쪨   ਯ஢   TSS,
  ⠪ ⥬.
4.   ⠡  ⠭,    	,  ணࠬ
ࠧ蠥  饭  ०  ⥬  㧪  祭     CR0
(஫  ॣ  0,  .2.7),    ⠭  PE
( ) (, ᯥ稢騩  ),	  31.
	饭  ०  ⠭,	  	 砥,   
᫥騥 㧪 ᥫ஢  ᥣ ॣ  맮  ,
 80386 㤥    	GDT,  뢠  ਯ  
ᥣ    ࠭	ଠ  ਯ     ७
ਯ୮ -ॣ (.8.6). 㧪 ᥫ஢  
 믮    MOV ,  ॣ CS, १
ᥣ  JMP, CALL, INTn, RET  IRET.
5.  ணࠬ  த  樠஢    80386-   
 ᥣ⭮ ॣ.  ணࠬ  ᬥ頥  ᥫ  
ᥣ  㯥ࢨ  (ᥫ	=  0018h)    ᥣ
ॣ SS, DS, ES, FS,  GS. 祭 ᥫ ⠪,  
뫠   	 ਯ      ᥣ		  ஢
㯥ࢨ(஢ 0). ⨬ ⢨ ணࠬ  㯭
让 ᥣ  㯥ࢨ.  ।  ਯ஬
ᥣ   GDT, ᥣ  - 32- ᥣ, ..
      ਯ D=1. ਯ ᥣ , 
,          .8.3,   ਢ   
ਯ CDT 3  .11.2.  ਯ ᥣ 
뢠   00000000h    ࠭	ᨬ쭮
ࠧ FFFFFFFFh.   㯥ࢨ, ⠪ ࠧ,
墠뢠  4-  אַ 樨. -
 SS, DS, ES,  FS,    GS    뢠      ᥣ
ᨬ쭮 ࠧ.
6. ⠥ 㧨   ᫥  ᥣ  ॣ  -
ॣ CS.  蠥 	  MOV  (MOV  	CS  -
⨬  樨),   JMP. ..   JMP
 㧨  祭 ᥫ    CS,  室
믮  ᥣ  JMP  (  樨  EAh,  אַ
ᥣ   室).   ᥣ⭠	   JMP
। ᥫ  ᥣ 㯥ࢨ (ᥫ =
0010h)	  ᬥ饭    ⮣  ਭ饣  ᥣ  (
ᬥ饭 =   , ᫥饩  JMP). 
ᥣ,  뢠  ਯ஬	  ᥣ  
GDT,    32-  ᥣ	(D=1).	 ਯ  
ᥣ,  ਢ	  ਯ  GDT_2	  .11.2,
뢠   00000000h    ࠭	ᨬ쭮
ࠧ FFFFFFFFh.   㯥ࢨ,  ⠪  ࠧ,
墠뢠  4-  אַ 樨.

			   - 121 -
   ᥣ⭠  JMP	㤥  ᯮ짮  祭
ᥫ,   頥	  ਯ	  
ᥣ   ஢   㯥ࢨ   (஢   0).   	㤥
ᯮ짮 ᬥ饭, ஥ ।   ଠ樨
⭮⥫쭮    㦥   ᥣ⭮   .   
ᠭ,  ⮣    ᥣ  -  00000000h,	⠪
ࠧ । ᬥ饭 n ਢ    n  
ଠ樨  4-⭮  אַ 樨.
7.  	  ଠ樨  JMP-  ⥫쭮	
,  樠 ⥪ 㯥ࢨ. ६饭
砫쭮 祭  ॣ ESP -  ,  ॡ.
   ..    ᥣ⮢ ।  00000000h,
  ࠭  ।	   FFFFFFFFh,   	 䨣
⠭   ⠪,	    ᥣ    ॣ	 
ᯮ      楤   樠樨   祭.
4-⭠  	  㯭    
.
8.  LTR 樠 ॣ , 㪠뢠騩  
 TSS  ⮩ ( ⮫쪮 ⮩) . TSS  ॡ,  ..
⥬     ᪠	   짮⥫/㯥௮짮⥫
⥪.     ࠡ뢠騩	    室   
짮⥫᪮ ஢, TSS  ࠭  砫  㪠⥫
⥪ 㯥ࢨ.

   楤 32-⭮ 樠樨 㯥ࢨ  .
    
   ணࠬ, ࠦ  	.11.1  -      ,
ᯮ㥬  樠樨 80386-   32-⭮  ०.
ணࠬ ॠ  蠣, ᠭ  ࠭	    .
室   - .11.2 砥 ࠧ GDT  
㫥 ਯ஬, 4-ᥣ ਯ, 㯮 
.	   ,  ਯ TSS , 㯮  	.	. 
㤮⢠ 祭 ᥫ  ਯ஢ GDT ᫥:
    室 GDT  祭 ᥫ	
      0 	  0000h 	   㫥 ਯ
      1 	  0008h 	    ﭨ 
      2 	  0010h 	     㯥ࢨ
      3 	  0018h 	     㯥ࢨ
      4 	  0020h 	     짮⥫
      5 	  0028h 	     짮⥫
   ᫥  室      -   ࠧ   IDT,
 ᬮ७  .    .	    .11.2.	
室 IDT - ⨫,   ᥫ,       
樮   IDT. ਬ,  INTn 㤥 
ࠢ १ ⨫ n  IDT.
       ࠧ 80386- 饭 ०. ..
ᥣ ਯ 㯥ࢨ  ᥣ ਯ 
짮⥫  D=1, 32- ࠧ ࠭   32-
ࠧ  -  㬮砭.

			   - 122 -
ASSUME	 CS:INITIAL,DS:TABLEDATA
INITIAL  SEGMENT  PUBLIC   AT  0F00h
	 ORG	  FFF0h
	 ASSUME   CS:INITIAL,DS:NOTHING,ES:NOTHING
RES_ADR: JMP	  BODY
	 ORG	  0D000h
BODY:	 LGDT	  GDT_PTR
	 LIDT	  IDT_PTR
	 MOV	  EAX,CR0
	 OR	  EAX,00000001h
	 MOV	  CR0,EAX
	 MOV	  AX,0018h
	 MOV	  SS,AX
	 MOV	  DS,AX
	 MOV	  ES,AX
	 MOV	  FS,AX
	 MOV	  GS,AX
	 JMP	  DEST_0FFSET,DEST_SEL
DEST:	 MOV	  ESP,00400000h
	 LTR	  SIMPLE_TSS_SEL
YOUR_SUPERVISOR:   .....
		   .....
		   .....
INITIAL  ENDS
	  .11.1 32- 饭 㯥ࢨ
INITIAL  SEGMENT  PUBLIC   AT  0F000h
	 ORG	  0BFF0h
GDT_PTR: DW	  002Fh
	 DW	  C000h
	 DW	  0FFFFh
IDT_PTR: DW	  07FFh
	 DW	  C030h
	 DW	  0FFFFh
	 ORG	  0C000h
GDT:
GDT_0:
	 DD	  00000000b
	 DD	  00000000b
GDT_1:
	 DW	  0067h
	 DW	  8000h
	 DB	  0FFh
	 DB	  10001011b
	 DB	  00000000b
	 DB	  0FFh
GDT_2:
	 DW	  0FFFFh
	 DW	  0000h
	 DB	  0FFh
	 DB	  10011011b
	 DB	  10001111b
	 DB	  0FFh
GDT_3:
	 DW	  0FFFFh
	 DW	  0000h
	 DB	  0FFh
	 DB	  10010011b
	 DB	  10001111b
	 DB	  0FFh

			   - 123 -
GDT_4:
	 DW	  0FFFFh
	 DW	  0000h
	 DB	  0FFh
	 DB	  11111011b
	 DB	  10001111b
	 DB	  0FFh
GDT_5:
	 DW	  0FFFFh
	 DW	  0000h
	 DB	  0FFh
	 DB	  11110011b
	 DB	  10001111b
	 DB	  0FFh
GDT_END:
IDT:
IDT_0:
	 DW	  XXXXh
	 DW	  0010h
	 DB	  00h
	 DB	  11101111h
	 DW	  XXXXh
IDT_32:
	 DW	  XXXXh
	 DW	  0010h
	 DB	  00h
	 DB	  11100101h
	 DW	  XXXXh
IDT_33:
	 DW	  XXXXh
	 DW	  0010h
	 DB	  00h
	 DB	  11100101h
	 DW	  XXXXh
IDT_END:
INITIAL  ENDS
			  .11.2
TABLEDATASEGMENT
TSS:
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00400000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0018h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DD	  00000000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h

			   - 124 -
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0000h
	 DW	  0FFFFh
TSS_END:
TABLEDATAENDS
			  .11.3

       32-    짮⥫.
       
   ⮡  ᯮ짮,    짮⥫  뢠
 , ᮮ⢥騩   ਬ.

     砫쭠	ᯥਧ  ணࠬ   짮⥫᪮
     
			     ஢.
		       
           㯥ࢨ	  ᯮ	  	 ⮣,
⮡ ᯥਧ 짮⥫ ணࠬ (.. 
믮  ணࠬ  짮⥫᪮   ஢),   ஫
  ७ᥭ  RET  IRET,   ⠪, 
㦨 楤  蠥  	IRET.  ,
..      짮⥫   䠪᪨	 뢠    ஢
㯥ࢨ,  㯥ࢨ  ᮧ    ⥪  
 ⥪.
   ॡ  ⥪   ।  믮	RET    IRET
ࠦ  .11.4. ⨬,        ⥪
  ⮫쪮 ஬  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ,   RET  
IRET 믮.   ॡ    ⠭  ⥪
㯥ࢨ, ᯮ 祭 SS  ESP, ᮤঠ騥	  TSS
(. .11.3).

	   ⠭ ᥣ  짮⥫.
	   
   ,  祬 ᮡ  㦭  㯮,      ࠧ
।  ᯥਧ樥   㯥ࢨ஬	 	짮⥫.
室, ⮡ 㯥ࢨ ६頫 ᥫ   ᥣ
 짮⥫   ᥣ ॣ DS, ES, FS, 
GS.  祭  ᥫ  ⠪,  	     頥   
ਯ    ᥣ    짮⥫᪮  ஢
(஢ 3). ⨬ ⢨ ணࠬ  㯭 让
ᥣ 	짮⥫.    뢠  ਯ஬
ᥣ   GDT, ᥣ   -  32-  ᥣ,
..  D ਯ ࠢ 1.  ਯ  ᥣ  
           .8.3   ਢ   
ਯ GDT_5  .11.2.  ਯ ᥣ 
㪠뢠   00000000h    ।  ᨬ쭮  ࠧ
FFFFFFFFh.      짮⥫,   ⠪   ࠧ,
墠뢠    4-	   אַ   樨.
 SS, DS, ES, FS  GS   뢠        
㣬 ᨬ쭮 ࠧ.

			   - 125 -
     SS	㦠  ᥫ஬    ᥣ   
짮⥫    RET     IRET,   ᯮ㥬묨   
ᯥਧ樨 ணࠬ 짮⥫. RET  IRET 뤥
室 ਢ஢ ஢, ..   ⠫  
  ⥪  祭	CS   	ଠ樨.   
ଠ樨 CPL ।     CS ᥫ.
 ⥭ 祭   ଠ樨  CPL,	⫨筮  
饣 祭 CPL, 80386- ⬥砥,  ।
室  ஢  ஢.  ..      ଠ樨
ਢ஢ ஢    ᯮ짮  ⤥
⥪, 80386, ⠪ ࠧ, த ࠡ  ⠫
  ⥪  ଠ樨,	     祭   ESP   
ଠ樨  ᥫ SS  ଠ樨.
   ਭ   襨, ਬ   㯥ࢨ,
।祭  ᯥਧ樨  짮⥫᪮  ணࠬ,
   .11.5.  ਬ  ᮧ	  ⥪  㯥ࢨ,
㦠  DS,	ES,  FS    GS	c  ᥫ஬    ᥣ  
짮⥫     믮   	IRET   ⮡   ந
ᯥਧ.  ⨬,    ।	  ⮬  室
    짮⥫      	ॣ஢
ᥣ; ᥣ  짮⥫ 㯥, 稭  ,
  짮⥫ 稭  믮.  ,  筮,
  짮⥫ 㦠 ᥫ	ᥣ  ,
   室, ..   ॡ,  ⮡	  짮⥫
"" 室 筮 祭 ᥫ.
 ॡ㥬  ⥪ 	   ॡ㥬  ⥪ 
 ⥪ 㯥ࢨ		   ⥪ 㯥ࢨ
				  
 ᫨ ᯥਧ १	   ᫨ ᯥਧ १
 ᥣ  RET	    IRET
				  
     砫 㪠⥫ ⥪	  	砫 㪠⥫ ⥪
      ⥪ 㯥ࢨ  	  	 ⥪ 㯥ࢨ  
______________________________________________________________
		 	    	 		    	           
		 	    .	 		    	       .    
		 		 		    		    
0000000000000000  SS0000000000000000  SS
		  ᥣ	 		     ᥣ   
		 ⥪ - 		    ⥪ - 
		 		 		    		    
砫. ESP  ⥪ - 砫. ESP  ⥪ - 
		 		 		    		    
0000000000000000  CS짮⥫᪨ ࠧ  EFLAG  
		  ᥣ	 	 VM=0	      IOPL	    
		  -  		    		    
		 		 		    		    
砫. EIP   -  砫. EIP   -  
		 		 ٳ		    		    
				  
      騩 㪠⥫ ⥪  	 騩 㪠⥫ ⥪ 
      ⥪ 㯥ࢨ 	  	 ⥪ 㯥ࢨ
.11.4 ॡ 32-⭮  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ, ।-
	 騥 ᯥਧ樨 짮⥫᪮ ணࠬ.

			   - 126 -
  짮⥫ ᫥⥫쭮 뢠  ணࠬ  
 㯥ࢨ, ணࠬ 㯥ࢨ  ⮫ 
⥪	祭  ᥣ⭮	ॣ,    	㤥
ᯮ짮,  ,  ᮮ⢥⢥,    	㦨饩
ணࠬ    ⮫    砫	祭    ᥫ
짮⥫ ⭮  ᥣ ॣ ।  믮
 IRET  짮⥫᪮ ஢.
	 PUSHF
	 SUB	  ESP,16
	 MOV	  [ESP+12],USER_STK_SEL
	 MOV	  [ESP+8], USER_STK_PTR
	 MOV	  [ESP+4], USER_CODE_SEL
	 MOV	  [ESP],   USER_INSTR_PTR
	 MOV	  ESP,EBP
	 MOV	  AX,USER_DATA_SEL
	 MOV	  DS,AX
	 MOV	  ES,AX
	 MOV	  FS,AX
	 MOV	  GS,AX
IRET
			  .11.5

			   4
		     8086.
		   
   㠫	०  8086  -	⮩   堭,   
  ணࠬ  饭   ०   㯥ࢨ   
ਢ஢ ஢ 0 ᯥਧ  ணࠬ	8086,
⠪    ணࠬ  ᮭ   ஢   IBM,   
짮⥫᪮  ஢.  㠫	०	8086,	⠪
ࠧ,      80386  ⥬,   ࠡ騬   
32- ணࠬ ᯥ祭,       让
   ⠭	ணࠬ   ᯥ祭   PC.    
㠫  ०   8086  ணࠬ   ᯥ祭	 8086
믮  ᯮᮡ,	稭騬  ணࠬ  㯥ࢨ
饭 ०  ਢ஢ 㫥 ஢.
    -    ,  㠫쭮  ᢮⢮  8086  -
襥    		32-   80386   ⥬.
ਫ  G	   ॠ,   㥬	 㯥ࢨ஬
ணࠬ,  ᪠ PC-DOS  㠫쭮 ० 8086
  ᮭ쭮 .

			 12.
		 8086 .
		
   ।     稫   ஬,	   ஢
㯥ࢨ   80386    	ᯥਧ    ணࠬ
짮⥫᪮ ஢  32-⭮  饭  ०.  
ᨬ ० ࠡ 㠫  ०  80386  -  ⮩
堭,     	       ஢	  㯥ࢨ
ᯥਧ ணࠬ 8086  짮⥫᪮ ஢.
   ணࠬ 8086, ᯥਧ   ᯮ짮  8086
㠫쭮 ०     `  .  
      ਪ  ணࠬ  8086   	 
樮 ⥬ 8086. 稥 	 祭,  ..
 , 믮  㠫쭮 8086 ०, ᢠ
8086 . 㠫 8086 ०  ᮢ⨬  8086
 ⮬  ᫥,  ஬ ॠ ० 80386  ᮢ⨬  
8086.

			   - 127 -
	   祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086.
	   
   ᫥ ⮣,	  ⬥祭  室⢮  ॠ쭮  ०  
㠫쭮 ०  8086,  ᫥  ᫥  ⫨稥.  
ॠ쭮 ० ணࠬ 8086, 䠪᪨, ஫ 
80386,	      ࠧ襭/饭    뢠    
ᯮ짮  /뢮.  㠫쭮 8086  ०
ணࠬ 8086 ⢥ 뢠   "᢮  "  
⮬,   ஫  뢠  -뢮.
   	 㠫   ணࠬ    8086    믮    
ਢ஢  ஢  3.    ⫨砥	  ॠ쭮
०,   믮 (ணࠬ)      
ਢ஢  ஢  0  (  /뢮  ᪠,
뢠            ࠧ襭/饭).	
ਢ஢  ணࠬ  㠫쭮  ०  
㯥ࢨ 饭  ०  㤥ন  ᮪  ஢
஫ ⥬.
      㠫쭠	 ணࠬ   8086   믮    
ਢ஢ ஢  3,  設⢮    த
ࠡ ୮,     ᮢ⨬  ॠ쭮	०	8086.
, ,    室  	  
䫠 뢠  믮 /뢮 뢠  襭
᭮     (13),      ࠢ   ணࠬ
㯥ࢨ. 㯥ࢨ ।,      뢠
襭   	⥬	ᮮ⢥⢥	 㫨   .
㯥ࢨ  ⥫쭮  믮   	IRET,	⮡
 ணࠬ 8086,  믮﫠  㠫쭮
० 8086.      㠫쭮  ०  த  
᮪  ᪮  	⨦   ᫥饩	 ࠭祭
.

	    8086 㠫 ० ᯥਧ樨.
	    
   ஥ 믮 ४祭 , ࠧ   ஬
⫮    15,  ⢥    ᯥਧ樨  
㠫쭮  ०  8086    १      IRET   
ਢ஢   ஢   0.   孨    ⮣    
ᯥਧ樨   ணࠬ        饭	 ०    
짮⥫᪮ ஢,      .11.5.  ,
⮡ ᯥਧ ணࠬ  㠫쭮	०	8086,
ணࠬ ⠭ VM   EFLAG-ࠧ  ⥪.  
VM EFLAG-ࠧ 	  ⠭  1.    IRET
	 	 믮        饭	 ०    
ਢ஢  ஢  0,  ..  ⮫쪮    ⮬  ஢
, ⮡  VM 䠪᪨  	⠭  1  
80386.    ਢ஢ ஢  (1,  2,  3),
 VM ⠥ ࠢ 0,  ᫨ ࠧ    EFLAG  	⥪
ᮤন VM-ࠧ 1. IRET   	  32-⭮  
ᥣ (  16-⭭  ᥣ  䨪ᮬ  ⠪,
 32-⭮ 祭 㦠  EFLAG). VM-  
17- ,  襫饣 ᫮  EFLAG.
   ..  IRET ਢ஢ ஢ 0 ⠥  
⥪, ᫨  ⠭, 	ࠧ    EFLAG  	VM=1,
80386 ਧ ७      㠫  8086  ०.
 ࠧ,   ⠭,  	ᮮ⢥騩  
⥪ ⮢,    .12.1.
     ⥪ 祭 ॣ ⠪,    砫
ᯮ짮  ணࠬ,  ᯥਧ    㠫쭮
० 8086.  EIP  ESP  16-    㫥묨,
 ᮮ⢥ 16-⭮ 㠫쭮 ० ࠡ 8086.
祭 ᥫ  ⥪  CS, SS, ES, DS,  FS	  GS
 80386-,    ᥣ⮢   

			   - 128 -
㬭  16 祭  ᥫ,      
ᯮ짮	  8086-    祭	ᥫ஢.    
 ᥣ⮢    ॣ  ਯ  
80386-.
80386- ⥬ ⮬᪨  ⠭  ࠭  ᥣ
FFFFh   㠫쭮 ᥣ 8086  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
ࠪ⨪ 8086-   । 64    ७
ॣ ਯ஢ . 80386 ⠪  ⠭	ࠢ
㯠    ᮮ⢥⢨    ࠡ⮩  8086    ࠭    
७  ॣ  ਯ஢  .  ᥬ   㠫
ᥣ⠬ 8086  ࠢ 㯠     ⥭  
. ࠭ ᥣ   ࠢ  㯠  	  
祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086.

⠫ 室  㠫 ० 8086 १  IRET.

    ࠧ  EFLAG   ⥪ ⠭ 1, 
IRET ஢  0  㠫 ० 8086 ᫥騬  蠣
(祭 NT   ࠧ EFLAG ⠭   0,  ⮡
 ४祭 ):
 1. ⥭ ࠧ EFLAGS  ⥪, SS:[ESP+8],  ॣ EFLAG.
᫨  ࠧ  EFLAGS     VM,   ⠭      1,   
⠭ VM  ० 80386.
 2. ⠫  (  ⥪)  㪠⥫    㠫쭮
०	 8086	CS:EIP.   EIP	⠫	,   ⥬
⠫ 32-⭮ ᫮, ஥ ᮤন CS    16
. ᫨ VM	ࠢ  1,  㧪  CS  㤥	믮 
㧪 ᥣ  ० ॠ쭮 ६.
 3. 祭 ॣ ESP  4, ⮡    ࠧ	EFLAGS,
  ⮫  蠣 1.
 4.  ᫨  VM  ࠢ  1   -   㧪	 ᥣ   ॣ஢
㠫쭮 ० 8086 ES,  DS,  FS    GS    祥  ⥪
SS:[ESP+8],    SS:[ESP+12],    SS[ESP+16]    	   SS:[ESP+20],
ᮮ⢥⢥,   	ᯮ      祭    ESP,
࠭  3- 蠣.
 5. ⠫ 㪠⥫  ⥪    㠫쭮  ०  8086
SS:ESP  ⥪. ESP ⠫ ,     ᫥  32
, ᮤঠ騥 SS  		16  .  ..  VM  ࠢ  1,
㧪 SS, 㤥 믮  㧪 ᥣ  ॠ쭮
०.
 6. 砫 ( ) 믮 㠫쭮 ணࠬ
8086  ணࠬ 3- ஢.

	      㠫쭮 ० 8086.
	    
    㠫쭮 ० 8086 ࠧ ࠭      ࠧ
  㬮砭 16 ,    ॠ쭮  ०.  
  80386,        ॠ쭮   ०,   ⠪   
⥫ 䨪  ⥫ ᥣ ॣ FS
 GS, ⠪   㠫쭮 ० 8086.
   㧪 ᥣ ॣ஢  믮  ⠪  ,    
ॠ쭮 ०: 祭 ᥫ 㬭   16    אַ
⠭   ᥣ,  80386- ࠭
  ७ ॣ ਯ    ᥣ.  
  ॠ쭮 ०  ࠭ ᥣ   ࠢ  㯠  
 㧪 ᥣ  ॣ஢:	    FFFFh  
   ⥭  .

			   - 129 -
			   ॡ㥬  ⥪  ⥪
			   㯥ࢨ ᫨ ᯥਧ
			   ணࠬ ந室  㠫쭮
			   8086 ० ( ᯮ짮
			    IRET)
		     砫 SS:ESP 㪠⥫
		  ⥪  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ ( TSS)
					      
31	       16 15			       	 0
 ________________________________________________________
		 			       	  
		 			      . 	  
________________________________________________________
0000000000000000  GS    㠫쭮
		 86 ०				  
0000000000000000 "________"  FS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  DS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  ES  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  SS   ⥪  㠫쭮 
		 		      86 ० 	  
     砫. EIP  ⥪  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
     砫 ࠧ  EFLAG  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
	  VM=1	   IOPL				  
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  CS     㠫쭮  
		 		      86 ० 	  
							  
     砫. EIP    㠫쭮 86 ०	  
_________________________________________________________
							  
					    
     騩 㪠⥫ ⥪  ⥪ _____	 
	      㯥ࢨ			 
  .12.1 ॡ   ⥪   32-⭮  㯥ࢨ
 ᯥਧ樨 ணࠬ  㠫쭮 ०.

			   - 130 -
	뢠   㠫쭮 ० 8086.
	 
    ᨬ  ஢  ६ 㠫쭮  ०  8086,
⠭   13  12 EFLAG-ࠧ IRET    ⥪,
  8086  뢠 ᪫⥫  .
..  㠫쭠  ணࠬ  8086  믮    ணࠬ
ਢ஢ ஢ 3, 祭 IOPL 2, 1  0 뢠
९饥	⢨           ६
㠫쭮 ० 8086.
   ᫨ IOPL - 2, 1  0,  CLI, STI, PUSH, POPF   INTn
뢠 ᪫⥫   饩   (᪫⥫쭠
 13),     ६ 㠫쭮 ०
8086. ᫨ 㯥ࢨ 饭 ० ⠭   
 祭  IOPL,  㠫쭮  ணࠬ  饭  ﬠ
㠫   䫠 뢠.
       ࠧ  	IN,  INS,  REP INS, OUT, OUTS 
REP OUTS  뢠 ᪫⥫	  饩  
(᪫⥫쭠   13),᫨ ࠧ來  ࠧ襭
/뢮      ࠧ蠥	/뢮       ᯥ樠쭮
祭  /뢮.  ࠧ襭  /뢮
᪠  祭   ᯥ᪮   ࠢ	/뢮,
饥 ஫஢ /뢮    port-by-port	᭮.
ࠧ來 ,    ந쭮  ७   	
32-⭮ TSS,     .12.3.  ⮡	  ⮣,
⨬,   ६ ࠡ  㠫쭮 ० 8086 IOPL  
     믮   /뢮.  쪮
	 ࠧ襭    /뢮    ࠢ    ࠧ襭
/뢮  ६ 㠫쭮 ० 8086.
      믮  ४祭  ,  ᪫⥫쭠
 饩    ᮧ ⥫ 뢠 
⥫ ⥬ 뢠,  㪠뢠  ᥣ 
ਢ஢ ஢ 0 (..  ஢ 㯥ࢨ).  
⠪  ᪫⥫쭠	   ,	   㯥ࢨ
㫨 , ⨣	EIP    ⥪  ᫥  
⮫쪮	  `㫨஢,    믮    IRET   
 㠫쭮 ணࠬ 8086.
   筮,  饭	०,  믮塞  ⮫쪮  
ਢ஢  ஢  0,      㠫쭮  ०  8086.
⪨ 믮   ਢ  ᪫⥫쭮  樨
饩  (᪫⥫쭠  13). ,  	ࠪ⨪,
騥 ணࠬ 8086   믮 ⠪  ,
..    	権    ॣ	饭   ०   
ॠ  8086.

		室  㠫쭮 8086 ०.
		
   80386  室    㠫쭮  ०   8086   ⮫쪮   
  ᪫⥫쭮  樨  (⠪   	,
맢 ⢨⥫쭮 )   뢠.    ᮡ
ࠢ १  ⨫  ⥬  뢠    ⨫
뢠    ᥣ  ਢ஢  ஢  0  
㦨.	   ᪫⥫   樨       뢠
ࠢ १ IDT 饭 ०,      १  ⠡
뢠 8086.
   ⥪  ਢ஢   ஢   0   ᫥   뢠	
㠫쭮 ० 8086   .12.2, ᫥. , 筮,
  ᠬ,    .12.1, ..  IRET ᯮ	
   ᯥਧ樨 㠫쭮 ணࠬ 8086.
   ⥪ ਢ஢ ஢ 0 ᫥ ᪫⥫쭮 樨
 ६ 㠫쭮 ० 8086 ⠪     .12.2.	
ᨬ    ⨯  ᪫⥫쭮  樨    ⥪   
    訡  .      

			   - 131 -
᪫⥫쭮 樨  ᥡ । ࠧ;    
ᥣ ⠫ (  ⥪)  訡  ,      
⮣,	      ⠡.12.1.    ᭮  ᪫⥫
樨, ⭮騥    ᯥ᪨  ᥣ⠬,  ⠫
訡 .	᪫⥫쭠	  ⢨  ࠭	
⨢    ⠪  ⠫  訡  .   
⠫쭠 ଠ  ᪫⥫     뢠,
  ଠ  訡,    16.

      ⠫ 室 १ ⨫ 뢠 
	       ⥬ 뢠.
      
   ⢨, ந  80386-    ⨫  뢠  
⥬   뢠,      	뢠    
᪫⥫쭠    ६  ࠡ    㠫쭮  ०
8086, ᠭ ⠫쭮 .
 1.  ࠭  ॣ  EFLAG   	६   ॣ   
⠫  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ .  ⮢  VM    TF	
,    ,  ᫨  뢠/᪫祭  㦨  ⨫
뢠, ⠭ IF   ⮦.
 2. ⨫ 뢠  ⥬ 뢠  믮
४祭    ஢  3,     㠫쭠	 ணࠬ   8086
믮,    ஢  0  ⠪,  ⮡     IRET   
।ᯥਧ ணࠬ 㠫쭮 ० 8086    
㦨饩 ணࠬ.     ४⥫  ⥪	
⥪ 㫥 ஢ ⠭  TSS    ਢ஢
஢ 0 (. .12.3). 㧪 SS  ESP ॣ஢ 㠫쭮
० 8086  ६ ⥫   ⠫	  
  ⠯.  㧪  ᥣ⭮	ॣ  SS   ஢	0
믮  㧪 ᥣ 饭 ०, ..  VM
 ⠭ ࠭.
 12.1 ⪮   訡
		  ᪫⥫ 権.
 _____________________________________________________________
			    		       	      
᪫⥫쭠      (.)   訡   
___________________________________________________________
			    		       	      
訡  	    	     0	            No       
᪫⥫쭠     		       	      
	   ⫠	    	     1	            No       
窠 뢠	    	     3	            No       
९		    	     4	            No       
஫ ࠭	    	     5	            No       
  樨	    	     6	            No       
⢨ ᮯ    	     7	            No       
 訡 	    	     8	           Yes  *    
室  ࠭ ᥣ  		       	      
	   ᮯ     	     9	           Yes       
 ᥣ ﭨ 		       	      
	   	    	    10	           Yes       
⢨ ᥣ	    	    11	           Yes       
᪫⥫쭮  ﭨ  		       	      
	    ⥪	    	    12	           Yes       
᪫⥫쭮 ﭨ   		       	      
  ᭮ 	    	    13	           Yes       
訡 ࠭	    	    14	           Yes       
     /१/		    	    15	           n/a       
஢ 訡 ᮯ-  		       	      
		        	    16	            No       
     /१/		    	  17-31            n/a       
___________________________________________________________
    *  訡 ᥣ 0000000h

			   - 132 -
		 砫 SS:ESP 㪠⥫
		  ⥪  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ ( TSS)
					      
31	       16 15			       	 0
 ________________________________________________________
		 			       	  
		 			      . 	  
0000000000000000  GS    㠫쭮
		 86 ०				  
0000000000000000 "________"  FS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  DS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  ES  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  SS   ⥪  㠫쭮 
		 		      86 ० 	  
     砫. EIP  ⥪  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
     砫 ࠧ  EFLAG  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
	  VM=1	    IOPL				  
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  CS     㠫쭮  
		 		      86 ० 	  
     砫. EIP    㠫쭮 86 ०	  
_________________________________________________________
							  
					    
					    
     騩 㪠⥫ ⥪  ⥪ _____
	      㯥ࢨ

     뢠  ᪫⥫쭠 
       訡

			   - 133 -
		  砫 SS:ESP ⥪
		  ⥫  ⥪ 㯥ࢨ ( TSS)
					     
31	       16 15			     		 0
 ________________________________________________________
		 			     		  
		 			     .		  
0000000000000000  GS    㠫쭮
		 86 ०				  
0000000000000000 "________"  FS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  DS  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "________"  ES  "____________________" 
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  SS   ⥪  㠫쭮 
		 		      86 ० 	  
     砫. EIP  ⥪  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
     砫 ࠧ  EFLAG  㠫쭮 86 ०	  
		 					  
0000000000000000 "_______"  CS     㠫쭮  
		 		      86 ० 	  
							  
     砫. EIP    㠫쭮 86 ०	  
							  
		    訡				  
_________________________________________________________
					    
					    
     騩 㪠⥫ ⥪  ⥪ _____
	      㯥ࢨ
     ᪫⥫쭠    訡
  .12.2 ⥪ ਢ஢ ஢ 0 ᫥ 뢠 
᪫⥫쭮 樨  ६ 㠫쭮 ० 8086.

 3.  ⥪  㫥 ஢ ⠫  浪 GS, FS,  DS
 ES.     	ॣ஢  ⠫  	32-⭠
稭, ⮡ ঠ ⥪ ஢. 孨 16    
稭 ࠢ	.  ⥬  㧪	   	ॣ஢
㫥묨 ᥫࠬ ,  ⮡  ।  ᯮ짮
 祭 ணࠬ 㫥 ஢.
			      - 134 -

 4. ⠫ ॣ SS  32-.  稭    孨
⠬ ࠢ묨 0. ⠫ 32-⭮ ॣ ESP.
 5.  ⠫  32-⭮	ॣ   EFLAGS,   c࠭
砫  1- 蠣.
 6. ⠫ ॣ CS  32-.  稭    孨
⠬ ࠢ묨 0. ⠫ 32-⭮ ॣ EIP.
 7. 㧪  CS  EIP 	⨫  뢠    ⨫
⥬ 뢠.  㧪  ᥣ⭮  ॣ	CS  㤥
믮  㧪 ᥣ 饭 ०, ..  VM
 ⠭ . 砫 믮 㦨饩	ணࠬ
㫥 ஢  饭 ०.

   ࠧ來  ࠧ襭  /뢮  㠫쭮
		     ० 8086.
    
    /뢮 (IN, INS, REP INS, OUT, OUTS, REP  OUTS)
 ⢨⥫  IOPL  㠫쭮 ०  8086.  ॥,  
  ⠭ ⮬᪨  ⢨⥫묨   ࠧ來
	ࠧ襭  /뢮,    易⥫쭮    
32-⭮   ᥣ	ﭨ   .       ࠧ襭
/뢮   .12.3  12.4.
    뢠 .12.3,  ࠧ襭 /뢮  -  
ࠧ來 , ᮤঠ   32-⭮  ᥣ	ﭨ
.     ᯮ  ᥣ  TSS	ࠧ.
  稭        Bit_Map_Offset    TSS.	16-⭮
祭 Bit_Map_Offset 15.....0 ⠭   ᬥ饭  102
(筮.)  䨪஢   TSS.      ᬥ饭
(Bit_Map_Offset)  ࠧ來		ࠧ襭   /뢮
த  8    ࠭ TSS,  ⮣,  .
     ᯮ짮   㪠⥫   	 ⭮   
ࠧ襭 /뢮,      ᯮ    
  TSS    ஢ 	㪠
ᬥ饭  Bit_Map_Offset    ।   ᥣ   TSS.   -
ॣ㫨஢ । TSS  	祭  ⭮    ⮫쪮
   64 ⭮ 室    /뢮
 易  .  ࠭ ஢ 8 -
  ⮣ ⮡, ,  㯥  騩 砩.
       ⭮    ।⠢	ࠧ襭 /
뢮  ⮢    /뢮,  0-
     66535.   ᫨      ࠢ   0,   /뢮   १
ᮮ⢥騩 ⮢      㠫쭮
० 8086  樨 ⥫쭮 樨. ᫨   ࠢ
1  ᫨ ᮮ⢥騩  室    ।  ᥣ
TSS, ⪠ 믮  /뢮 ਢ 	樨
᪫⥫쭮 樨  (᪫⥫쭠  13).
     /뢮 ਭ    ᫮    ᮮ⢥
   ࠢ 0  ⮣,  ⮡  /뢮  ந室
ᯥ譮;   /뢮 ਭ     ᫮  	4
ᮮ⢥        ࠢ  0,	⮡  /뢮
믮 ᯥ譮.
   ⮡  ४⭮  ॠ        /뢮
ॡ,  ⮡    FFh  室      ᫥   ⮬
ଠ樨    /뢮.  	FFh      
࠭ ᥣ TSS.  ॡ   FFh - ⮣,  
७  80386-  뢠 2    ⭮  
/뢮,    ந室 饭  ⭮ .
   .12.4  ਬ ⭮ 	ࠧ襭  /뢮.
.. 㫥 , ᮮ⢥騥 ⠬ ⮢  /뢮
⠬,  /뢮 ࠧ襭,  㭮  뢠	㯭
 2-9,12,13,15,20-24,27,33,34,40,41,48,50,52,53,58-60,62,63 
96-127.

			      - 135 -
						7		0
31			      16 15		Ĵ
						1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
65535**************************************************65504
65503**************************************************65472
65471**************************************************65440
65439**************************************************65408
;				;				;
;				;				;
;				;				;
127*******************************************************96
95********************************************************64
63********************************************************32
31*********************************************************0Ŀ
;				;				;  
;		
;				;				;
ᬥ饭 0-15******************0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0100
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 096
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 092
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 088
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 084
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 080
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 076
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 072
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 068
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 064
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 060
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 056
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 052
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 048
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 044
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 040
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 036
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 032
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 028
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 024
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 020
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 016
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 012
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0*************SS=0**************8
********************ESP=0**************************************4
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

  .12.3 32- SS  ⮩ 饭 ⥬  
	   ⭮ ⮩ ࠧ襭 /뢮.

			      - 136 -
					  । SS
					  Ŀ
							 
						7	 	0
31			      16 15		Ĵ
						1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 16
Ĵ
0*0*0*0*0*0*0*00*0*0*0*0*0*0*00*0*0*0*0*0*0*00*0*0*0*0*0*0*0 12
1*1*1*1*1*1*1*11*1*1*1*1*1*1*11*1*1*1*1*1*1*11*1*1*1*1*1*1*1 8
0*0*1*0*0*0*1*11*1*0*0*1*0*1*01*1*1*1*1*1*0*01*1*1*1*1*0*0*1 4
1*1*1*1*0*1*1*00*0*0*0*1*1*1*10*1*0*0*1*1*0*00*0*0*0*0*0*1*1 0

  .12.4 ਬ 16-⭮ ⭮  ࠧ襭 /뢮.


			      13.
	    ਬ 㠫쭮 ० 8086  PC-DOS.
	     
   㠫	 ०	 8086	       ணࠬ
ᯥ祭 8086  믮    饭  ०  80386.  
뢠 ⠡  13.1,  ᭮  ࠪ᪨  㭪樨  
⥪    㠫쭮  ०  8086,  ,       ਬ
⢨⥫쭮 , ணࠬ ᯥ祭 PC-DOS 
 믮  㠫쭮 ० 8086      ᮭ쭮
  ஬ 80386.  ਬ,  ᯥਧ  
    PC-DOS,  ਣ     ᯥਬ஢   
ணࠬ,	饬   ᮭ         80386-
஬.
  13.1 ࠪ᪨ 㭪樨 㠫쭮 㯥ࢨ 8086.
_________________________________________________________________
1.   ᫮  ।  DOS    ⨧筮    䮭
ࠡ.
2.  ஢   ᮢ⨬      DOS   孨᪨   ।
࠭筮 ࣠樨 EMS  EEMS,      ,
ᯥ稢 ᮢ⨬  ⥬  80386  
⥫쭮 㤮 ࠭箭 ࣠樨.
3. প ६ ⥬,   室    8086,  ਬ
PC-DOS  CP/M.
4. প 樮 ⥬() 8086  饭 32-⭮
樮 ⥬, ਬ PC-DOS  UNIX.
_________________________________________________________________
	ਬ	   ணࠬ     ᯥ祭     -	  
ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ 饭 ०, ᪠  
,   DOS. 㣨 ᫮, ணࠬ  _㯥ࢨ,
  ⢥ ਬ, ࠡ⠥    筮  ਬ  
DOS.  ணࠬ 믮,  뢠 室  80386-	
 饭 ०  ਢ஢ ஢ 0    ⥬
頥 ࠢ PC-DOS   㠫쭮 ०  ஢ 3. 
窨 ७ 짮⥫ DOS,	.13.1,  DOS	த  
ᥡ  ਠ쭮,  ᯥ稢  ,    㠫  ०  8086
 ணࠬ  8086-  㭪樮஢	ᮢ⨬,  
᫨ ᭮      80386-  室    ࠢ
㯥ࢨ୮ ணࠬ 饭 ०  	ਢ஢
஢ 0.

			      - 137 -
   Ŀ     Ŀ	  Ŀ
   c>		     c>v_super  	  c>v_super	
   		      	   	  c>		
        	  
1.ਣ襭 PC-DOS  2. 짮⥫  3.ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ
 ᮭ쭮 -   㠫쭮 ண- 蠥	   2-
, ࠡ饬   ࠬ 㯥ࢨ   .  ᪠ DOS
 80386 .  8086.		  ,  ᥩ
					  80386 ࠡ⮥  -
					  쭮 ० 8086. -
					  砭 짮⥫ 
					  ࠧ.
ਬ	 ᫥   堭	⠭   饭   ०,
室     砫   ࠡ   饭   ०.   
ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ 稭 믮,      ᮧ  
⠡ ਯ஢, ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠    ᥣ
ﭨ , 騩 ࠧ來  ࠧ襭  /
뢮, ᯮ㥬    饭  ०  80386.    ⮩
ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ  ⭠  	ࠧ襭   /뢮
 栬 (1), ࠧ騬 ࠭祭 /뢮
  .   室   ⠭,
㯥ࢨ ࠧ蠥 饭 ०.
   ᫮ 饭 ०, ᮧ ਬ஬ 㯥ࢨ -
.    ᭮  楫  ⮨    	DOS  
ணࠬ  㠫쭮   ०   8086.   ⢥,   ,
ᯮ㥬     ᮧ  GDT,  JDT    TSS    
१뢠,    DOS  த  ࠡ,  ⮬   DOS
⠭ 믮 ⨬  㯥ࢨ஬    RET	
窥  室  ணࠬ  뢠   DOS      뢠   39
("Terminate But Stay REsident in Memory")(砭  ⠢
१  ). ணࠬ "Term. But St.  Res."  頥
DOS    ।  ,    ࠭  㯥ࢨ
饭 ०.
   ⠫    ணࠬ  Term.	But  St.  Res."  祭
.     ।⢥   ⮢      
㯥ࢨ      ⥪    ⥪  DOS,    ᫨  
ணࠬ ⮫쪮    稫  ᨣ  Term.	But  St.  Res.
뢠 39  ॠ쭮  ०.  	⮩  楫  㯥ࢨ
頥   6 ⮢ (FLAG, CS,  IP)   ⥪  DOS.	
祭  ,  ..  ⠪  楤    ணࠬ
뢠. DOS  㤥	ॣ㫨஢  㪠⥫  ⥪,  ⮡
᢮  6  ⮢      ⥪.   㯥ࢨ	 ⥬
䠪᪨ ⠭ DOS, ࠡ   㠫쭮	०
8086,  稭	  窨  室    DOS  뢠  39.   
ᨬ쭮   ᪮      믮      
஢    RET;    㦭	⤥쭠    
㠫쭮  ணࠬ	8086.  ⮡  㤮   믮   
砫  RET  㠫쭮  ०  8086,  㯥ࢨ
頥 祭 CS  IP  ணࠬ 뢠 39    
⥪   ⥪	ਢ஢  ஢  0,	樠
ࠧ ⥪ SS  SP  㪠  ⥪ DOS,  ⠭
 䫠 VM ࠧ  EFLAG  ⥪   믮    RET,
⮡    室    ஢    ஢   	
믮  㠫쭮  ०  8086.  DOS,  ⠪  ࠧ,
⠭  ࢮ  ணࠬ  Term.  But  St.
Res.,  ,    DOS    ࠧ,  ணࠬ  뢠
뢠  ଠ쭮 ०  INT 39	  ਪ
ணࠬ  ॠ쭮 ०.

			      - 138 -
     ,  ணࠬ-㯥ࢨ 맢	⠭
DOS  (筮,	  㠫쭮	०	8086),	 	ਬ
㯥ࢨ  믮  ,  ਬ,	⮫쪮	᫥	⮣.
ࠪ୮,  㯥ࢨ 믮   ⪮  
६,         ணࠬ       ⭮
뢠,       믮         ࠢ
믮  	DOS-   ணࠬ   	 뢠,   ஥
.  믮  設⢥ 砥 ⥬  ᠬ
ࠧ    ⨢஢ ணࠬ Term. But St. Res.
 砫쭮 ᪠ DOS   㠫쭮  8086  ०.  ᭮
⮫쪮,  FLAG, CS  IP  祭,  饭    ⥪  DOS
   묨,  ⠪    DOS  㤥  ᯮ짮  
稭    ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 뢠.

	 ᯥ⪠ 㯥ࢨ஬ 㠫쭮 ०.
	  
ᯥ⪠  ਫ  G  -  ,	  ஢७
ਬ  ࠧ襭 饭 ०   ᪠  ணࠬ
DOS,    㠫쭮  8086  ०            
࠭᫨஢   ᥬ  8086,  ⠪	  
室    樨  饭  ०    
।, ᯮ  DB.

		    ७ ਠ⮢.
		     
ਬ	 㯥ࢨ   ⠭   "   ᯮ
樨"  饭 ०,  ஥    
⥫ . ਬ,  ⠡  ࠭  80386,  
⬥祭  . 9,    ᮧ    ᫥⢨  ᤥ
࠭筮 㯭묨.
    80386    讥  ࠪ᪮  ᯮ짮
࠭ ⥩  80386-  ⮨    ஢
      ࠭筮   ࠧ,	஥   
७   ( EMS  EEMS), 㯭  PC,
᭮  8086  80286.
      ࠭筮  ࠧ,  ᮤঠ  
⠪ , ࠢ ॣࠬ, 騬   
/뢮.  ᯮ짮 ࠧ來    ࠧ襭
/뢮 80386 	।饭	/뢮    ⨬
ᠬ, ⪠  /뢮	  ஫	ॣ  
  㤥  ਢ    饩  訡    (訡  13
᪫⥫쭮	 樨)      뢠	ணࠬ   13
㯥ࢨ 饭 ०.
   㦨 ணࠬ    㯥ࢨ    㫨஢
㭪樨  ⠢  EMS  	 EEMS		ᮮ⢥⢥
ॣ㫨஢ ⠡ ࠭ 80386.  ணࠬ ८ࠧ
ॡ 䨧    ᪨  ,  祭
७ ⮩ .    ⨬  室  ਫ  DOS
  த   ᯮ짮   ७      
室 ७  ࠭筮 ࠧ.
   ᯥ祭	᪮쪨  ।  㠫쭮	 8086	०
⠭   ⥫쭮        ᫮	ࠡ⮩    
㯥ࢨ୮ ணࠬ ᯥ祭,   祭 
ন ன 80386-. /뢮    뢠
 ࠢ 㯥ࢨ஬, ⮡  䫨⮢ 
㯨 権 ⢥ 8086 ०.	  ᫮
ணࠬ 㯥ࢨ, ᮡ ᫨  ࠢ 㠫
⢥ 8086 ०,    ந  
᫮ ⢨, 祬 	  ਬ  	ਫ  G,
      뢠	뢠.    ⢨
筮	㦠	   न樨   㯠      ਩
ன⢠,  ᯮ    ᨬ묨
० 8086.
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