
	            	      
	 	          	    	  	     
	 	     	 	  	      
	 	     	 	         
	 	     	 	  	      
	 	     	 	  	      
	 	     	 	  	          
	        		      

      	      	      
            	  	           	  	     
            	  	 	     	  	     
       	  	 	 	         
            	  	 	     	  	           
            	  	 	     	  	           
            	  	           	  	           
      	      	      


			   

			     I

        32- ࠧ來 ய INTEL 80386

			     1
1.祬  80386  ?					1
2. ࠡ⠥ 80386						2
3.砫쭮 ।⠢ ⥪ ய		4
4. ⠫  80386				7

			     2
	       , ॣ஢  
1.  ⨯  					9
2. ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ ࠭	       10
3. 80386					       12
4.࣠ 					       19
5. 					       23
6. 樨					       25

			     3
		 :⪮ ᠭ
1. ६饭 				       29
2. 楫᫥ 䬥⨪			       32
3.᪨ 					       33
4. 樨 ⠬				       35
5. ࠢ ணࠬ 			       38
6. ࠢ ⥬				       40
7.䨪 					       43
8.ଠ  					       44

			     II
		        80386

			     4
	        16-  
1.  ࠭ ࣠ 		       47
2.஢ ० 16- ⭮ 樨		       54

			     5
	       16-  
1.㯭 					       57
2.㯭 ਧ 				       58

			     6
	        
1.ᯮ 뢠  ᪫祭 		       60
2. 뢠					       61
3.믮 ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ 뢠		       62
4.⠫ ࠡ⪨ ᪫⥫ 権		       66

			     III
		       80386

			     7
1.   32- ࠧ來 ०		       67
2.  ࣠ ࠭筮 		       68
3. ᢥ-ॣ஢ 樨			       72
4. ᢥ 樨				       78
5.஢ 32- ⭮ ᭮ ०		       80


			     8
          
		        
1.ᯮ짮 ࠧ   ࠭		       84
2.ᯮ짮 32- ࠧ來 ᥣ⮢   
 ⥬					       85
3.ਯ ᥣ⮢  ⮩ 񭭮 ⥬	       86
4.쭠 ⠡ ਯ஢			       90
5.ଠ ᥫ  񭭮 ०			       92
6.ᯮ짮 ணࠬ 뢠			       93
7.⨫ 뢠					       94
8.ᯮ짮 ஢ ਢ			       96
9.堭 ஢ ।			       97
10.32-  ᥣ ﭨ  		       99

			     9
		     
1.࠭筠 					      104
2.ࠢ ࠭ ࠭  ᥣ⮢		      105
3.ࠢ ஢ ਢ ࠭  ᥣ⮢	      106
4.ப ⠫ ⠡ ࠭			      107
5.ப ⠡ ࠭				      108
6. ࠭					      109
7. ࠭樨  ⠫				      111
8.ᯮ짮 ࠭筮 ࣠樨   㠫쭮
							      112
9.࣠ L					      114

			     10
          
1.稥 					      116

			     11
1.樠   32-  ⥬	      119
2.楤 32- ⭮ 樠樨 㯥ࢨ      121
3.⠭ ᥣ  짮⥫		      124

			     IV

			     12
1.㠫 ० 8086				      126
2.祭 㠫쭮 ० 8086			      127
3.  㠫쭮 ० 8086			      128
4.뢠   㠫쭮 ० 8086		      130
5.室  㠫쭮 ० 8086			      130
6.ࠧ來  ࠧ襭 /뢮  㠫쭮
० 8086						      134

			     13
	       8086  -DS	      136

			     V
	       

			     14
1. ਯ஢   ᮤন			      139
2.  ଠ ਯ ᥣ			      140
3. ४⥫   ଠ			      143
4. ਯ஢					      146
5.⥬ ॣ					      147


			     15
			
1.㠫쭮 ᭮ ࠭⢮ 		      153
2.ﭨ 					      154
3.室    				      155
4. 					      157

			     16
1.뢠  ᪫⥫ 樨			      159
2. 뢠  ⠡ ਯ஢ 뢠     160
3.᪫⥫ 樨				      162
4.ᯮ ᪫⥫ 権 		      166
5.㣠 ଠ  訡				      168
6.᮪ ᪫⥫ 権			      170

			     17
		       
1.஥ ⫠ 			      186
2.⫠ ॣ					      187
3.뢠     ⫠묨 ॣࠬ	      189
4.।⢠ ⫠ ᮢ⨬  8086			      191

			   
		  ॣ   ᫮	      191

			   
	    権  ⠫   ࠭	      194

			      - 1 -

			     1
         32- ࠧ來 ய INTEL 80386
       
        ᮤন   ⥫ ,
뢠 魮 ய ()  80386.  	뢠
㭪樨     80386,  ࠢ  ।騬  
Intel,	 室  २  짮⥫  -
 80386. ⥬  筥 㣫㡫  祭   80386,  
᫨⥫ 設  訬 ﬨ.
      ᠭ   ⥫쭮 ⥯ 孨᪨,
      뢠	᭮	    
80386, 墠뢠 ⠪ ᭮ ,   ⨯      32-
ࠧ來 ᯮᮡ 樨  .  祭   -
 ।⠢  ⥣ ஢   80386  ।-
 ⠡ ⪮ ᠭ .

			      1
		      ய 80386
		      
    , Intel 80386  ஭ 騩 -
ய (),  㦥 ࠧࠡ⠭. 筮, 짮⥫
஢  ࠧࠡ稪    ᯮ.-
⥫쭮  80386   ⮫쪮  設 ᫮,
 ᮡ  ந⥫쭮     짮⥫. 
ன ⥯, ஭   80386 	"祬",
騬      80386	ࠡ    32-
ࠧ來 ஬, ⠪   ᮢ⨬ 16- ࠧ來.  -
 ஭, ᪮ ᫥  80386 祭 ,	..  
    ਬ   .   
, ஭  ᯮ  80386 ,	..  -
饥 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ()    ࠡ  -
⥫쭮 ॥, 祬 ࠭,      32- ࠧ來 
80386 頥 ⠪  ᪮  ᫨⥫ ࠪ-
⨪ .  ⮩ 祡  ࠢ筮 ,  ⮫쪮
  ਤ      80386,  㧭   ஭
⥪     .

		      祬  80386 
		      
    32- ࠧ來 ⥪ 80386   짮⥫ 
 IBM, ஥  8086   80286,  ᪮    
⮫쪮	16-  ࠧ來 ⥪. 16- ࠧ來 ⥪
  稯  ᮤন  32-	ࠧ來  80386,
     㭪権.  ⮩ 稭, 32- ࠧ來
80386  ஢ 16- ࠧ來  8086   80286, -
 80386  ᮢ⨬ "ᢥ-"   묨 -
ﬨ , ᠭ    ।⢥. ..
80386  믮  ணࠬ, ᠭ    IBM 
  㣨 ஢, ஥    ᭮    8086	
80286.
     80386   祭 ⥫ , 騬  
 孨᪨ ,  -  ᮢ⨬  ᥬ⢮ 8086,
⠪  	-  䠭᪨ ⥩   㭪権. 
 ᢮⢠, ᨫ쭠 ᫥⢥   㭪樮  -
, `   稯,  ""  騬
 騬 ࠧ⨥ ணࠬ ᯥ祭.  孨-
, ᪨ ୠ    ⢥ত,   80386
ਢ  ࠧࠡ稪  짮⥫ ஢.

			      - 2 -
      ⮣, ⮡ ॠ २⢠, । -
 㭪権  80386,      ਪ    樮
⥬	㦥 ᮢ襭.  ᠬ 騩 ਧ,  
80386 㤥 த ⨢ ﭨ   .  
 楫 饣 ﭨ   짮⥫ ,   -
    " ७" ணࠬ, 80386   -
⥫ . 孨᪨ ⥪ 80386 ᮢ襭   -
䥪⨢.  PC80386 㦥 砩 ࠧ饭     -
   ⥫쭮 4 MIPS (   ᥪ㭤) 
  ணࠬ  믮  ० ।-
祭  ᯥ樠஢ ࠡ ⠭権  -.

		        ࠡ⠥ 80386
		       
     80386 楫 ࠧࠡ뢠  믮 32- ࠧ來
権,    ⠪ 㭪樮஢  த騩
16- ࠧ來  8086  80286.  ⮣, ⮡  80386,
 室 ᭮   ६ ०,   ᯮᮡ,	
  80386  ࠡ.  ० ࠡ,  -
묨,  饭묨    㠫묨 "8086",  80386 
ᮢ⨬  .  ⫨⥫  	  80386
  ०  樨     ,  ன 
ᮢ.

       8086/8088
                
       Ĵ
       16- ࠧ來
              
       

       80286
               /		   
       Ŀ  Ĵ
       ॠ ०   饭 ०
       ( 16- ࠧ.16- ࠧ來 
           8086)        
       

       80386
       		   80386				  
       Ŀ  Ŀ	Ĵ
       ॠ  ०   饭	०	㠫 ०
       ( 16- ࠧ.16-    32-   ( 8086, -
           8086)        ࠧ來멳ࠧ- 	稭塞 饭-
       	         (80286).  .   	 ०).	  
         	
     1.1 ⨥ ० ࠡ 8086/8088,80286  80386.

     . 1.1  ० ࠡ  80386   ࠧ⨥  
६. 㭮 稭  16- ࠧ來  8086/8086, -
  ⮫쪮 ॠ ०, 騩 ᮢ  -
  1 . 16- ࠧ來 80286, ஬ ॠ쭮 ०-
  饭 ०    㥬     16 ࠧ
, 祬  8086/88.
    80386  32- ࠧ來 樨  饭 ० 
  ᮢ  ࠩ   4 ⠬ .
80386 ⠪  ᯮ⥫ 㠫 ० "8086", -
  ᯥ稢 ᮢ⨬, 饣 ணࠬ -
祭 () 8086   80386.

			      - 3 -
     32- ࠧ來 80386 ᥣ  稭  	ॠ쭮
०,  ᮢ⨬    ० ࠡ 8086.   
 ,    ,   ⠪  ᮡ-
  , 饥 ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  -
, ।⢥ ᯮ짮  80386.  ० -
뢠 ⮬,  , ᮢ⨬  8086 ࠡ⠥ 	ॠ묨
(䨧᪨) ᠬ.
      ॠ쭮  ०,  80386  ࠡ⠥ ⠪  ᠬ -
騩  8086. ᫥ ᪠ 80386  ३  ࠡ 
饭 ०.
    饭 ० 80386 ᯥ稢 32- ࠧ來		
,  㠫   প ࠧ  ࠭-
.    ०   "ਥ஬"  ࠧ⨨  ண-
ࠬ ᯥ祭.
     ⠡. 1.1. ⪮ ।⠢ 16-  32- ࠧ來  -
樨, ᯮ騥  ०.  32- ࠧ來 樨
⭮-ॠ  饭 ० (16- ࠧ來 -
樨   ⠪    ⮬ ०, ⠪  16- ࠧ-
  80286  ࠡ  饭  ०).    饭
०,    32-  16- ࠧ來 樨, 80386
    ன ࠧ  ࠭  -
  প 㠫쭮 , ᢮ ணࠬ  -
࠭祭 䨧᪮  樨.    ।⢠  
80386 ६ ⨢, ⮬  饭 -
.      ।⢠  ,  ࠧ饭  
⠫ ࠭ ᮪  ⥬.
   ᯮᮡ     㢥७,    "楫⭮"
樮  ⥬ ᥣ   饭  ⥫⢠
짮⥫ ,  짮⥫    饭    㣨
짮⥫.   ⥬  饭 ० -
 ᪫⥫쭮  "" 樮 ⥬,   
 ணࠬ 짮⥫.
    饭	०  80386  ।⥫,  -  32-
ࠧ來 樨, প 㠫쭮        .
 ⥬ 饭 ० 㤮 ⠭,   㢨-
    ਬ஢   1.1, ਫ D  E.  饭
० ᪠ ⠪ ப ஢ ᫮,  ॡ. 
稬 ᪮쪮 ᯮᮡ  㢥祭 ᫮ ⥬  -
饭 ०.
						      1.1
	       16-  32- ࠧ來 ० ࠡ
Ŀ
16- ࠧ來 樨32- ࠧ來륳       ਨ	  
			   樨   			  
Ĵ
 ०			        ᮢ⨬  8086  
믮 16- ࠧ-	       饭 ० ᮢ-  
  ᥣ  -	       ⨬  80286		  
饭 ० 		       			  
㠫 ० 8086		       । 8086, ᮧ  
				       饭 ०	  
			믮     32- ࠧ來 - 
			32- ࠧ-    ᯮ	  
			      			  
			ᥣ     			  
			饭     			  
			०        			  


			      - 4 -
    㠫  ० 8086 ᮡ ᥭ, ..  
 ࠡ   騬  ணࠬ	ᯥ祭  
8086  ࠢ 32- ࠧ來 樮 ⥬ 饭-
 ०. 砥 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 8086   
⠭묨  ਪ묨  ணࠬ,    樮  ⥬
8086, ਬ  PC-DOS.  ணࠬ ᯥ祭 8086  -
    㠫쭮  ० 8086,  ᮧ ⫥,
 ணࠬ 믮    8086  (8088).	  䠪᪨,
  樮 ⥬ 80386  饭 ० ࠭
ࠢ ᥬ ᠬ ⥬. 㠫 ० 8086  -
  ⭮  ⮩,  ᯥ稢 ᮢ⨬
 ஢. 㠫 ० 8086 㦨  㡮-
 祭.  ᤥ ,   ⨭ ணࠬ 
ਫ G,  ⢨⥫쭮 ࠡ 	-DOS	  -
쭮	०	8086.    ࠡ  ணࠬ  
 ᮭ쭮  80386.

	 砫쭮 ।⠢ ⥪ 
	 
      ० ࠡ 80386  ᫥饬 ஢  ⠫-
樨,  ᬮਬ ⥪ 80386: 80386 砥  32-
ࠧ來 ⥪  裡  யࠬ  INTEL.
⥪    ࠦ ࠪ⨪ 80386, 
ணࠬ⮬, ᯮ騬   ० ࠡ, ᠭ -
.
    ᭮ ⥪  ணࠬ஢ ॣ஢  -
, ⨯ ,  ।⢥ ᯮ  -
⮤ 樨 ࠭  . ஬ ⮣  ᭮ -
⠬  80386 ⭮ ᯥ樠,  ⥪ ,
⠪  ॣ 뢠  ⫠  䨪樨 稯	
஢  ᬮ,     ணࠬ ᯥ祭
ᯮ,  稯 ࠡ⠥.   筥  ᬮ७  ᭮
80386   ॣ஢.
    ᪮쪮 짮⥫᪨ ॣ஢ 80386 ᯮ -
묨 ணࠬ 짮⥫.  32- ࠧ來 ॣ஢ 饣
祭   ᯮ㥬묨  稪  
ॣ  䫠.      32- ࠧ來   ᮤন 
  祭 ᮢ ⥪饣  ᯮ짮.  ⨬,  
,    . 1.2,  ᮤঠ  ⮫쪮 32- ࠧ-
來 ,   16-  8- ࠧ來;32- ࠧ來 -
稪  㪠뢠  ,  㤥 믮.  32-
ࠧ來 ॣ 䫠 ᮤন ᪮쪮 , ਭ  1 
2  ,    ᮤঠ  ଠ  ﭨ 
믮 .
  31	     23 	15	   7	      0
  Ĵ
  	     	    	     L     
  Ĵ
  	     	    	  BX   L     
  Ĵ
  	     	    	  CX   L     
  Ĵ  
  	    D 	    D	  DX   DL     
  Ĵ  
  	    SI 		  SI	      
  Ĵ  
  	    DI 		  DI	      
  Ĵ
  	     		  BP	      
  Ĵ
  	    S 		  SP	      
  

			      - 5 -
  31			15		      0
  Ĵ
  	    EIP 		  IP	         
  Ĵ
  	    EFLAG		  FLAG	         
  
			15		      0
			Ĵ
  ணࠬ		  CS	      
			Ĵ
 ⥪			  SS	      
			Ĵ  
 			  DS	      
		       Ĵ  
⥫	       	  ES	      
ॣ ᥣ      Ĵ
    	       	  FS	      
		       Ĵ
		       	  GS	      
		       
	    .1.2 짮⥫᪨ ॣ 80386.

    80386  ⠪ ॣ ᥣ,  	  -
짮,      ணࠬ  ନ஢ ᥣ⮢
ணࠬ   (ਬ୮  16	000   ᥣ⮢)
 ᯮ짮 ணࠬ⮬.   뢭 
 ᭮ ࠭⢠  ணࠬ;   32-	ࠧ來
ᥣ  	 祭 让 ࠧ,  4 म .
 让 ᥣ, ` ࢮ砫쭮, ⭮  -
祭  設⢠ ॡ ⥬, ⮬  ᯮ짮-
  ॣ	ᥣ     ᢮ ᬮ७.
    ᫨  ⨬ ᮧ ᪮쪮 ᥣ⮢, ॣ ᥣ-
⮢  ⥫쭮  ᭮ ࠭⢮ ணࠬ-
, 64    ணࠬ 㥬 ,
⥫쭮 ॢ蠥 4   (।  㣨 32- ࠧ-
來	஢).   㤥  ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 -
஢ ᥣ   (  ᮢᥬ ) ⥬.
    ஬ ॣ஢ 짮⥫ ⮫쪮  , 
᪮쪮 ⥬ ॣ஢,  ᯮ ⥬ ண-
ࠬ. ⥬ ॣ । ᯮ   ணࠬ-
⮬, ..  ࠢ ப⥬묨 ࠬࠬ, ⠪  
ࠧ饭 ⠡ ࠧ  ࠭   ⠡  ,  ०
ࠡ   ᮯ. ⥬ ॣ ।⠢ 
 2.
      筮 ⮨  樨    ࠧ-
ࠧ	  樨 室 १⮢.  ⨯ -
 80386, ⠪  楫 ᫠      ,  ⮢
	  ᫥⥫쭮   䥪⨢ ࠡ -
⭮ ন. ਬ, ⮢ ⨯ ,  ⨯ -
 ࠧ஬    ᪮쪮 .	 -   ᥬ  ⮢
⥫쭮, 8- ࠧ來 楫 ᫠     
  ⮢묨.    	 ᫮ ⠪ ᯮ.
 -  16-  ࠧ來  ᫠          .
 ᫮ -  32- ࠧ來 ᫠     .
    稭,  ,  ᫮  (2	)   ᫮ (4
),  ।  ஬  , .. 
⭮ 㥬,   ,   ।  
     饬.
        ⨯ ,  ।⠢    .
1.3,   0 訩 稬  (LSB),    ᠬ 訬 -
஬, ᫥⥫쭮 訩, 稬  (MSB).

			      - 6 -
      ⨯  ࠧ  ॣ  80386,  -
  ॣ ࠭ LSB (訩 稬  ࠧ)  
⨯  .    ⨯  ࠭  ,   ᢮
 ,  ᯮ  饭  "⮢"  -
  .  ⨯ ,⠪  ᫮  -
 ᫮, ࠭  ,  ᮬ  ᮣ襭, ᥣ -
 訩 稬 .  "" ⨯  ࠭
 ,     訬  ஬	  訬
稬  ⮬ ,    . 1.4.  ᮣ-
襭  ࠭  ⨯ ,       -
訬  ஬ ᮮ⢥ 襬 稬 , 뢠-
 "" 浪 (Seientific ordering).  冷 
᫥⥫쭮 ࠭ ᨣ ७,  ਬ,  
襣   襬 .
					      7 	      0
					      Ĵ
					      M	     L
					      S         S
					      B	     B
					      

			      15	      7 	      0
			      Ĵ
			      M			     L
			      S	   	     S
			      B			     B
			      

31	      23	      15	      7 	      0
Ĵ
M							     L
S	      				     S
B							     B

     .1.3   ,᫮   ᫮  80386

		      Ŀ
		      ⳡⳡⳡⳡⳡⳡⳡ
		      n+6 n+5 n+4 n+3 n+2 n+1 n	 n-1 
		          	    MSB         LSB     
		      
				     
					 ᫮

	.1.4 ਬ ࠭    ᫮.

      80386      ணࠬ 믮
 ᯮ짮   ० 樨   ᮧ-
  䥪⨢ , ..  ,  ࠭ -
㥬	  ணࠬ. ⥪ 樨 80386 ᮪-
⮣쭠,    ,   ० 樨  -
㯥    饭  . 䥪⨢ ணࠬ-
஢ ணࠬ  80386 蠥  ࠢ  8086   80286
⥬ ᯥ祭 ᪮쪨  ० 樨. 䥪⨢
    ᫥   祬   ⤥ -
⮢ , ⭮⥫ , 祭 , 祭 -
 ⠡㥬 1,2,4  8   ᥣ. .  1.5  -
  . 믮 ᫥ 䥪⨢ -
,  80386  㬬    ॡ㥬   ନ஢
㬬,   䥪⨢ ᮬ ࠭.

			      - 7 -
      樨	80386    ,  ⠪    -
।⢥  (ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⭮⥫쭮
),    	⠡㥬	ᮬ  (ᯮ -
   樥 ⠡஢),  ⭮⥫쭠
    (ᯮ   ⭮⥫ ), 
⠪     ᥣ,    ᥣ  -
,       ⮢ 樨, 
  ⠡஢,  ᯮ짮 ०	樨
80386.

		  ⠫  80386
		  
     80386, 32- ࠧ來 設,   ࠡ-
    । ६ 32- ࠧ來 .  -
७ ॣ  ଠ樮   ਭ  	32  .
䥪⨢  ⠪  32- ࠧ來, ᯥ稢 ࠧ-
  ᭮ ࠭⢠ 4   (4 ).
    ய  ⮨  275 000 ࠭஢, ࠢ
  ⠫ ६   ⮢    孮  CMOS
(ୠ  ⠫ ᨤ ஢)  ᭨-
  魮  ॡ.  ⠫   頥    132
.  묨  ன⢠  ⠫    ன⢠
।⥫쭮  롮 ,  , ᯮ⥫쭮
ன⢮  ன⢮ ࠧ  ࠭. २⢮,  -
	  ⠫  ⠢  ன  ࠫ,
.. 㢥祭 ந⥫쭮 ⨣,  	ࠧ
ன⢠ ࠡ ࠫ쭮.
      	  믮, 㣨  롨 
, ᫥   ࠭ ࠭ ⠪ 믮-
  ⠫.  ன⢠ ࠡ  ﭭ  -
⮩  室 ᨣ,  ⠢  -
    ப.  ⮢   80386 ᥩ 
 20  (।,  ᪮    ).  
ࠧ  80386	믮 20  横  ᥪ㭤 (4,4
MIPS).  ᮪ ᪮  饣    -
䥪⨢  樨.    ᮪ ᪮ 믮 
 稭,  ⠢ 80386   訥
᫨⥫   ᯥ稢   ⢥	  ६
ࠪ⨢ ᥠ.
     ன⢮ ࠧ  ࠭, ᮤঠ饥  ᥡ 
 祭 ᮢ ࠭樨, ⠪ ࠧ頥  	⠫.
ன⢮  ࠧ  ࠭ ⢫ ࠢ 
 ᯥ稢  㠫쭮 ,   ணࠬ-
  ᯮ짮      ࠧ    ,  祬  
⢨⥫쭮, .. 䨧᪨, ॠ  ⥬   -
  .  ன⢮  ࠧ   ࠭ 砥  
࠭ 32-  ࠭᫨㥬 祭;    ⥫쭮
᪮  饩 ࠭樨.  ⥣஢ ன⢮
ࠧ  ࠭ ᪫砥   㤮  -
⠫  ᯥ祭  ࠢ .
    ᮪  ⥯ 㥬, ᮧ  ⠫, 
,    짮⥫  祭 -
.  ਬ ॣ ⠪ ,     ࠢ
ਬ ॣ . ᫥ 襭  ᨣ-
   뢠  ॣ஢ 饣 祭 ()
  ஢ન १⮢ . , ᯥ稢 ᯥ-
樠 ⥬ ॣ.      ன⢥ ࠧ-
  ࠭   ஢   ⢥ত
 㭪樮஢.
    	. 1.6.   80386.  . 1.7. 
ᮡ࠭ ⠫  奬, ⠢  業,  -
  ஢  ஭ 奬   132	,  
ᮥ 奬  ⮩   ⠦.

			      - 8 -
			       31	      15	     0
			       Ĵ
        ॣ:        	    	     
			       
	  31	       15	       0	 
	  Ŀ	 
	  -      -	       	    
饭:  ७ .        +	    32
	  	    2
	  31				0	 
	  Ŀ	 
 					    
ॣ:  	     		+	    32
	     	    2
					    	 
			Ŀ   	 
			 ⠡	   	 
	  ⠡:	 ⥫		 
				 
			 1, 2, 4,  8 	 
						  
						     
						/
					      /
					    /
					  /
					/஢ઠ     -
				      /࠭ ᥣ-    
				    /  ࠢ     
				   㯠	    /  ᪫-
						   / 祭
						  /  12  13
						 /  襭
------------------------------------------------ 
	   31			       0	 
  Ŀ	 
	   			       	    
ᥣ:  	   ᥣ        +	    32
	   			       	     2
	   	 
						 
						   
						    =
						 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
						 
				31	  12 11  	     0
				----------------|
				࠭ 	   ᬥ饭 |
				 ࠭   	   ࠭|
				--------------
						  
						  
						 	  蠣 3
						 
			       31	      15 	     0
			       Ŀ
᪨ :	             ᪨ 	     
			       
  .1.5	 ।⠢ ନ஢   ࠭
		     ࠧ  ࠭.

			      - 9 -
			      2
	      ,  ॣ஢  
	       
      砥  ᠭ  ⨯  ,  ஢  -
஢  ० 樨 80386.

		      ⨯ 
		    
    80386  ࠡ⠥  ࠧ묨 ࠧࠬ , ⠪  -
, , ᫮   ᫮.  뫮  㪠  	  1,
  ⮨    8 , ᫮  16    ᫮  32-
.
     , ন 80386  "⮢묨"; 
楫 ⨯     ,  8, 16  32 ;  㯠-
  㯠  ᫠,   -
  ,  ᫥⥫쭮 楫᫥ ,  ன
  ⮨  8, 16  32	⮢.	⥫  
襭,    ᥫ  ᬥ饭, ⠪ ᯮ-
.  ⨯    .2.1.
     楫᫥ ⨯          
।⠢  . 2.2.
	7		0	  7		   0
	Ĵ	  Ĵ
	7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0	           ⮢
		   
	       				 
	       				 
	       ᬥ饭

				  7		   0
				  Ĵ 楫᫥
				  MSB		LSB  ࠧ஬
				    

		   7		  0 7		   0
		   Ĵ 楫᫥
		   MSB 	᫮		LSB  ࠧ஬
		     ᫮

   7	      0 7	  0 7	      0 7	   0
   Ĵ 楫᫥
   MSB 	    ᫮		LSB  ࠧ஬
      ᫮

       ,㥬 묨 묨

				  7		   0
				  Ĵ
				  MSD	   	LSD
				  

    㯠  ,㥬 묨 묨

				  7		   0
				  Ĵ
				   * MSD * LSD 
				  

			     - 10 -
	       ⮢ ᫥⥫쭮 
		       7       0 7	0 7	   0
		       Ĵ
		        n+2 n+1 n   
		       
	   (᫥⥫쭮  ࠧ஬  ᫮
	       ᫮  ᫥⥫쭮
	     ࠧ஬  )

	   襭 (16- ࠧ來 )

 15			 0 15			   0
 Ĵ
 	  	  16- ࠧ來 ᬥ饭
 

	   襭 (32- ࠧ來 )

 15			 0 31			   0
 Ĵ
 	  	  32- ࠧ來 ᬥ饭
 
		  .2.1    80386

	  ࠧ ࠭  䨪 ࠧ ࠭
	 
      ࠭       
   樨 ,       
易⥫ 䨪ᮬ ࠧ ࠭, ࠧ頥   -
.
     ࠧ ࠭ ⭮⥫쭮 ,  ࠧ -
࠭ ।  "W" , ० ࠡ  
⮬ 䨪 ࠧ ࠭,    ।⢮
  .	 "W" -  ⮢ , ஥ 롨ࠥ
 ࠧ ࠭ - "",  ࠧ "让 ࠭". -
 W,   . 2.3, ᮤন		,  
  	䨪 ࠧ ࠭. ᫨ W=0,  ࠧ
࠭ 롨ࠥ ࠢ . ᫨ W=1,    㪠뢠  
"让  ࠭",     ᫮,  
᫮,筮  ᨬ 	०	ࠡ.    讣
࠭  ࠢ  筮 16- ࠧ來 ᫮   16- ࠧ-
來 ० (⢨⥫쭮  㠫쭮 ०  8086)  ,
᫨    16-  ࠧ來  ᥣ  饭
०.    让  ࠧ  筮  ᮮ⢥  32-
ࠧ來    ᫮, ᫨  32- ࠧ來 
ᥣ  饭 ०.

		       7		   *   0
		       Ĵ
		          	           W 
		       

	       . 2.3. -W   権 

      䨪  ࠧ  ࠭, 㥬  . 2.4
⠪  । ࠧ 讣  ࠭.  䨪  
	  ࠧ  ࠭  ࠢ .  䨪 ࠧ
࠭, ᫨   ,  ⠢  祭  讣

			     - 11 -
࠭,  ଠ쭮  ।塞 -W. ᫨ 筮 祭
讣 ࠭ 㤥  ᫮,      ᫮  ।
⮬	䨪  ࠧ ࠭ . ⢥⢥, ᫨ 
᫮ 㤥 筮 ।, ⮣ ᫮ ।  ⮬
䨪 ࠧ ࠭. 䨪 ࠧ ࠭  ⮫쪮
 , ன  ।; 䨪  ।⢮
 ,   ⢨ ॡ.

		      7 		0
		      Ĵ
		       0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 
		      
		. 2.4. 䨪 ࠧ ࠭

    ⨬,    -"W"   䨪 ࠧ ࠭ 
 ࠧ ࠭  ࠭  	०	ࠡ	
⠡. 2.1. ।⠢ ᫮  롮 ࠧ ࠭.

						       2.1
		     롮 ࠧ ࠭
Ŀ
 W 	     ࠡ	     䨪 ࠭ 
       				     ࠧ  ࠧ	 
       				     ࠭࠭  
Ĵ
  0    ०			     ࠧ- 	 
       				     祭    	 
       				     	       	 
  1    16- ࠧ來 ० (-    - 	 
      ⥫ ०, 㠫 ०    -   	 
      8086  饭 ०, -         	 
      騩 16- ࠧ來  ᥣ-   	       	 
      				     	       	 
       				     	       	 
  1    16- ࠧ來 ० (-   - 	 
      ⥫ ०, 㠫 ०,     ᫮	 
      㠫 ० 8086,  -     	       	 
      饭, ন騩 16- ࠧ-     	       	 
      來  ᥣ		     	       	 
       				     	       	 
  1   饭 ०, ন       - 	 
      32- ⮢  ᥣ	     -  ᫮	 
       				          	 
       				     	       	 
  1   饭 ०, ন      - 	 
      32- ⮢  ᥣ	        	 



			     - 12 -
			  80386
			  
    80386   31 ணࠬ㥬 ॣ஢  ᫥ ⥣-
:
				   Ŀ
				    
     饣 祭	- 8 
    稪 		- 1 }	   
     䫠		- 1 	 짮⥫
     ᥣ		- 6 
				   
			 ----------
			 ᥣ 16
				   Ŀ
     ࠢ        - 3  
     ⫠	       - 6  
				    	   
     ஢ન ࠧ-	    }	   ⥬
      ࠭	       - 2  
				    
     饭	    
    ०		       - 4  
				   
			 ---------
			 ᥣ	15
     ணࠬ (짮⥫) ।⢥ ᯮ
ॣ 饣 祭.  ࠢ, ⫠, ஢-
 ࠧ  ࠭  饭 ० 	  -
⥬묨 ॣࠬ,ᯮ㥬 樮 ⥬  ﭨ
  ᯥ ⥬.  ணࠬ 㦨 ⫠-
稪  ⠪ ᯮ짮 ॣ ⫠  ᢮  㭪権
뢠.

     饣 祭, 稪   ॣ 䫠
    
      饣 祭, 稪   ॣ 䫠 -
32- ࠧ來 ॣ,   16  ࠧ冷 ᯮ-
  16- ࠧ來 ० ࠡ.   ਭ   -
  ॣ஢ 짮⥫, ⪮ ᠭ  ⠡. 2.2. 32-
ࠧ來 ਠ  ॣ஢  ।⠢    ७
16-  ࠧ來 ॣ஢. ਬ, 32- ࠧ來, 稪 -
 뢠 EIP (७ 稪 ),   ६ 
訥 16 ࠧ冷 EIP 뢠   IP  (稪  ).
32- ࠧ來 ॣ,   16-  8 ࠧ來 
।⠢  . 2.5.
      32- ࠧ來 ॣ 饣 祭 ।祭
 ࠭ ᮢ  . ࠭ ࠧ஬   ᫮,
᫮,     ࠭   ॣ,  `-
   2.
    稪  EIP,  32 ࠧ鸞, 訥 -  16  ࠧ冷
 稪  (IP)  16- ࠧ來 ०. 稪
	㪠뢠  ᫥ ,  㤥 믮
 । ⥪饣 ᥣ ணࠬ. ﬨ  EIP  -
  ᫮ 樨,  ﬨ  IP  樨
 ᫮.
     䫠 EFLAG (७  䫠)    32  ࠧ鸞,
訥  ࠧ ⠢ ॣ  䫠 (FLAG)  16- ࠧ-
 ०, EFLAG  FLAG ᮤঠ    -᫮,    ⠪
᪮쪮  ⮢ ࠢ,  ।⠢  ⠡. 2.3.  
32  EFLAG ।; ।  뢠  -
᪮ "0"    . ﬨ  EFLAG  -

			     - 13 -
	樨  묨 ᫮; ﬨ  FLAG 
樨  ᫮ (᪫祭:  LAHF  SAHF 㦠	
࠭	ᠬ 訩  FLAG),  ᮪饭 ᠭ EFLAG 
   室  ਫ .
						       2.2
	        짮⥫ 80386  㭪樨
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  |		  |
⥬  |		  |		 㭪
80386	 |		  |
----------------------------------------------------------------
   8: EAX,EBX,ECX,  ᯮ  ࠭ 騩 -
	      EDX,ESI,EDI,    
	      EBP,ESP

稪    1: EIP	    EIP 㪠뢠  ᫥ 믮-
				 

    1: EFLAG	    EFLAG ᮤন  8    ﭨ
䫠				  ᫥  믮 -
				   	5  ࠢ, -
				     ࠧ  뢠
				    ࠢ 㣨 ࠪ-
				  ⨪

   6: CS,SS,DS,     CS । ⥪騩  ᥣ  
ᥣ      ES,FS,GS	       ணࠬ.
			    SS । ⥪騩  ᥣ  
			       㯠  ⥪, ⠪    POP
			        PUSH
			    DS । ⥪騩 ᥣ  
			       設⢠ 権  묨.
			    ES,FS  GS । ⥫-
				         ᥣ  ,
				         ࠡ   묨
-----------------------------------------------------------------
							. 2.3
		 ঠ ॣ஢ EFLAG  FLAG
		   FLAG
		   						 
31 30...19 18 17 1615 14 12-1311 10  9  8  7  6  5  4	3  2 1	0
..
 00	0 0VMRF 0NTIOPLOFDFIFTFSFZF 0AF 0PF1CP
...
EFLAG

			     - 14 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------
  N   | 				 |⢨|⢨
 | 				 |   FLAG   | ⮫쪮 
     | 	  ﭨ 	 |	     |EFLAG (-
EFLAG | 				 |	     |  
(FLAG)| 				 |	     |	80386
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 7     SF   ()			      +
 2     PF   ()			      +
 11    OF   (९)		      +
 6     ZF   (१ 樨 ࠢ 0)      +
 0     CF   (७)			      +
 4     AF   ( ७ 	      +
	     Auxiliary Carry)
12-13 IOPL  (஢ ਮ 1/0)	      +
 14   NT   (  Nested Task)     +
		 ࠢ
 8   TF   (䫠 뢠 Trap Flag)	      +
 9   IF   (ࠧ襨 뢠)	      +
	  (Interrupt Enable)
10   DF   (䫠 ࠢ Deraction Flag    +
16   RF   (䫠 த ࠡ ᫥      + 	   +
	   ⠭)
17   VM   (㠫 ० 8086)	      + 	   +
-----------------------------------------------------------------

     饣 祭,ᯮ㥬  ॣ
    ࠧ஬  ,᫮, ᫮.
  31	     23 	15	   7	      0
  
  	     	    	     L     
  
  	     	    	       L     
  
  	     	    	       L     
  
  	    D 	    D	       DL     
  
  	    SI 		  SI	      
  
  	    DI 		  DI	      
  
  	     		  BP	      
  
  	    S 		  SP	      
  

    稪 ,ᯮ㥬  ॣ ࠧ஬ 
    ᫮   ᫮.
  31			15		      0
  
  	    EIP 		  IP	      
  

			     - 15 -
    䫠,ᯮ㥬  16-  32-
   ࠧ來 ॣ.
  31			15		      0
  
  	    EFLAG		  FLAG	      
  
   .2.5  饣 祭,稪   ॣ
			   䫠 80386

			 ᥣ
			 
     㯮, ᥣ  뢭   -
  ࠭⢠  ணࠬ.  32-  ࠧ來  ᥣ 
  4   (4 ); 16- ࠧ來 ᥣ -
   64   (64 ). ⥬ 80386   -
ঠ   ᥣ⮢, ᫨ ॡ.  16- ࠧ-
來 ॣ஢ ᥣ, ⮬ 㦠  । -
     ᥣ⮢ .    ணࠬ
  ।  ॣ "CS", ᥣ ⥪   
।  ॣ "SS";  ᥣ    ।
 ॣ DS. 㣨 ᥣ    ।  -
 "ES", "FS"  GS, ᫨ ॡ. (.2.6)
    ﬨ,  騬  ॣ ᥣ  樨
 ᫮,  ᫮, ᠭ   ॣ  ᥣ,  뢠
ᥫ஬.  ।  롨ࠥ  ᥣ  
  ᥣ⮢.  ਬ, 祭 ᥫ, ᠭ 
ॣ CS । ⤥  ᥣ,  
ᥣ ᮤঠ騩 ணࠬ,  㤥 롨. ணࠬ
롨ࠥ  ⮣ ᥣ   ,   ᥣ  -
,  ..   㤥 ᠭ  ᥫ  ॣ CS.
 祭 ᥫ   ᠭ   ॣ ᥣ-
,  ⮫쪮  ணࠬ.
     ᥫ ᥣ 㦠  । ⥪饣 ᥣ-
, ଠ ᥫ  ࠧ  ⢨⥫쭮  -
    饭 ०.  .2-11,2-12 ।⠢ ଠ
ᥫ஢.

			⥬ ॣ
			
     80386 ᯮ㥬  ࠧ ⥬묨  ண-
ࠬ⠬    ⥬ ॣ.  ॣ
-  ࠢ, ⫠, ஫ ࠧ  ࠭  -
饭 ०, ᯥ稢  室  ⠭  
⥬  ࠪ⨪  80386.  㭪樨 ⪮ ।⠢ 
⠡. 2.4,  ஡ `   8-17.  㭪  2.7	
2.8    	ॣ, 設⢮   
32- ࠧ來묨.
			15		      0
			
  ணࠬ		  CS	      
			
 ⥪			  SS	      
			  
 			  DS	      
		         
⥫	       	  ES	      
ॣ ᥣ      
    	       	  FS	      
		       
		       	  GS	      
		       
	     .2.6  ॣ  80386.

			     - 16 -
    ﬨ  32- ࠧ來묨 ॣࠬ ࠢ, ⫠
 ஫ ࠧ  ࠭    樨    묨
᫮.  訥  16  ࠧ冷   ॣ ࠢ (CRO) 
 ⠪ 㯭  16- ࠧ來  ᫮	ﭨ  設
(MSW)    権  ᫮. ﬨ  32- ࠧ來묨 -
ࠬ 饭 ०  IDTR    GDTR    樨	
묨 ᫮,   16- ࠧ來묨 ॣࠬ 饭 -
 LDTR  TR - 樨  ᫮.
    ⥬  ॣ  	᪮쪮  㦨 
ᮡ⥩. ਬ, ࠧ⨥  ॣ஢   ய-
  INTEL     ।⠢ 让 -
:	  8086     ⥬ ॣ஢,   80286 
⮫쪮 MSW (ॣ ᫮ ﭨ 設, 訥  16  ࠧ冷
ॣ  CRO    80386)  ॣ 饭 ०. -
⥫쭮, 設⢮ ⥬ ॣ஢  80386	  묨,
    প 㭪権 ⫠  ࠧ 
࠭.  ॣ஢ ⫠ ন  ।⢮ -
 ⠫.  CR2, CR3  ॣ ஫	ࠧ
 ࠭ ন ࠭筮 ࠧ.
    㣨 , 㦨騥  ⥬ ॣ:
    -    ॣ  ⫠ ᯮ ICE-386, 
  ஥ ஬   INTEL;
    - ॣ ஢ન ࠧ  ࠭  ஢
  ࠭樨 ࠧ  ࠭   ணࠬ 
몥 ᥬ;
    -  ⥬ 㠫쭮 , ॣ  ⠡ ࠭-
 (CR2)  ⮫쪮 ॣ, ᮤঠ騩 䨧᪨ ;
    -  饭 ०,  ⥬ ॣ   뢠
⮫쪮	    㫥 ஢, ᠬ ਢ஢ -
.

		  
		 

31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
                             
  00000000000000000000000000   	 R0
G                          S


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
								
           		 R2


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
				                   
            000000000000 R3
				                  


			     - 17 -
						       2.4
		⥬ ॣ 80386  㭪樨
-----------------------------------------------------------------
⥬  |		  |
 ॣ   |	 	  |		㭪
 80386	   |		  |
-----------------------------------------------------------------
    3: CRO,CR2,CR3   CRO ࠧ蠥 饭 ०, ࠧ-
ࠢ			  ࠭  ᪠
				ᮯ

			     CR2 㪠뢠 ᫥ 㠫
				,  맢 訡
				࠭筮 ࠧ

			     CR3 ᮮ頥 80386,  室
				⠡ ࠭筮 ࠧ
				 ࠭樨 㠫쭮
				

    6: DRO,DR1,DR2,  DRO-DR3 ।  -
⫠        DR3,DR6,DR7	     ᨬ 窨 ⠭
			     0,1,2  3 窨 ⠭ 
			     ᯮ짮 ணࠬ -
			     㦨 ⫠稪

			     DR6 㪠뢠 ᫥ ⠭,
				 砥

			     DR7 ࠢ ᫮ﬨ, 室묨
				  窨 ⠭, -
				 砥

    2:TR6, TR7	     TR6 । 㠫 , -
஫			㥬  ஢ન ன-
ࠧ			 ࠧ  ࠭
࠭
			     TR7 । 䨧᪨ , -
				㥬  ஢થ ன-
				⢠ ࠧ  ࠭

    4:IDTR, GDTR,    IDTR ।   ⠡-
饭-    LDTR, TR		  ஢ 뢠

०
				 GDTR ।   ⠡-
				 , ᮤঠ饩 
				 ਯ

			     LDTR ।   ⠡-
				 , ᮤঠ騩 
				 ਯ

			     TR   ।   ᥣ-
				 , ᮤঠ饣 ଠ
				  ﭨ  ⥪饩 -
				 
-----------------------------------------------------------------

			     - 18 -
		        
			___________________

31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					           
	      -0-	     DR0


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					           
         -1-        DR1


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					           
         -2-        DR2


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					           
         -3-        DR3


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
                           
0000000000000000   000000000     DR6
                SD         3210


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
LENRWLENRWLENRWLENRW       GL GLGLGLGL
                    000000           DR7
 3 33 2 22 1 11 0 00      EE33221100

 . 2-7 ⥬ ॣ  1:ॣ ࠢ  ⫠.

31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    			       VDDU UWW     
           		       0000 R6
    			         # # /     


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    			               P     
                   0000000 REP00 R7
    			              L     


31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					         
      XDY   	         IDTR


			     - 19 -
31		23		15		7		0
Ĵ
    					         
      GDY   	         GDTR


				15		7		0
				Ĵ
				  			      
				   LDY 	       LDTR
				
				15		7		0
				Ĵ
				  			      
				   TSS 	       TR
				
 . 2.8 ⥬ ॣ  2:⮢  PROTECTED-MODE.

		       ࣠ 
			
     設 , ᫮   ᫮   ࠧ-
      ॣ஢ 饣 祭.   ॣ஢
饣 祭  32 ࠧ鸞, 䨧᪨      -
짮    16- ࠧ來 ॣ஢ (ᮢ⨬
 8086). 㯥મ 32- ࠧ來 ॣ஢   ᮤ-
  16-  ࠧ來  ॣ.    ॣ 饣 祭
।⠢  . 2.9  2.10, ,  ᭮,  ॣ  -
	  16- ࠧ來 ,  ⥬  32- ࠧ來
⮢.
      ⠪  8- ࠧ來  ॣ  AH,  AL,
BH,  WL,  CH,  CL, DH  DL,  ᥣ 㯭  ࠭
ࠧ஬  .
     饣 祭 筮 ᯮ  16- ࠧ-
來  ॣ஢  ࠡ  ॠ쭮  㠫쭮  -
 8086,   稨 16- ࠧ來  ᥣ  -
饭	०.  ,  ॣ  饣  祭 筮 -
  32- ࠧ來  ॣ஢    稨  32-
ࠧ來  ᥣ  饭 ०.
    䨪  ࠧ  ࠭	  ࠧ  ॣ஢
饣 祭, ⠪   䨪 । ࠧ  -
࠭,	  ࠧ  ॣ஢  16  32- ࠧ-
冷,  . ⮬ ࠧ ࠭  ॣ஢ ᥣ
ᮢ. ᫮ ࠭ ࠧ  32- ࠧ來  -
,  ᫮ -    16-  ࠧ來, ⮢ - ࠭
ᥣ ࠧ  8- ࠧ來 ॣ.    -
஢      ६   䨪 ࠧ-
 ࠭. ᫥ 롮 ࠧ  ॣ஢ ⪠ -
,  ࠭    ॣ	  ந室,   -
짮 訥 ࠧ ᫮ ࠭   ᫮
࠭  ⠪ .
    `  ॣ஢ ᯮ  ᪮쪨 ᯥ-
஢ 権.  SHLD ( ᤢ )  SHRD
(  ᤢ ࠢ)  ᤢ ॣ 饣 -
祭 ந ᤢ 64 ࠧ來 ࠭     ࠧ,
।   , ⠢ , 㤠 .  㬭-
     筮 ᯮ  ᤢ  ॣ
EDX  EAH  ࠭ 64 ࠧ來 ᫮ ࠭.

			     - 20 -
				   7	      0
  Ĵ
  			    	     L     
  Ĵ
  			    	  BX   L     
  Ĵ
  			    	  CX   L     
  Ĵ
  			    D	  DX   DL     
  Ĵ
  				  SI	      
  Ĵ
  				  DI	      
  Ĵ
  				  BP	      
  Ĵ
  				  SP	      
  
    .2.9 16- ࠧ來  ॣ஢ 饣 祭

	    ࣠   ॣ ᥣ
	    
      樨    ॣ  ᥣ  ﬨ 
᫮. ࠭, 室騩  ॣ ᥣ 뢠  -
஬,  16- ࠧ來 祭 ᥫ । ।-
 ᥣ.
  31	     23 	15	   7	      0
  Ĵ
  	     	    	       L     
  Ĵ
  	     	    	       L     
  Ĵ
  	     	    	       L     
  Ĵ
  	    D 	    D	       DL     
  Ĵ
  	    SI 			      
  Ĵ
  	    DI 			      
  Ĵ
  	     			      
  Ĵ
  	    S 			      
  
   .2.10 32- ࠧ來  ॣ஢ 饣 祭

    ଠ  ᥫ	  ॠ쭮 ०  㠫쭮 ०
8086   16- ࠧ來 ,  筮  ।騩
ᥣ.  饭 ०  ᪮쪮 -
 ଠ, ..    浪 ࠧ鸞 ᥫ 㦠
  ᯥ樠  楫.  饭 ० 砥 2-
⮢  ਢ (RPL)  প  ஢ -
  饭 ०.  ⠪ 砥  䨪-
 ⠡ (⠡.1)  㪠 ⥪饩 ⠡ ਯ  -
饭 ०.  ஡   ᥫ  饭-
 ० 室   7.

			     - 21 -
		  15 14 13 12 11 10 9  8  7  6	5  4  3  2  1  0
		  Ĵ
		    16- ࠧ來   	          
		  
	   .2.11 ଠ ᥫ  ॠ쭮 ०
		  15 14 13 12 11 10 9  8  7  6	5  4  3  2  1  0
		  Ĵ
		    14- ࠧ來   	    TI RPL 
		  
	  .2.12 ଠ ᥫ  饭 ०

	    ࣠   ⥬ ॣ
	     
        ⥭  () ⥬ ॣ஢ ⢫
  ᫮ 権,  		  ⥬  -
  ࣠   ࠧ  . -
      㣨 ,  ᪫ -
쪮	権,   ᪮쪮  ࠡ   -
न쭮 樨. ਬ,    ॣ ࠢ
 ஬ (CR0)  ࠢ ஢ ⠫ ᮯ
80387. ।  ॣ஢ ஫ ࠭筮 ࠧ
⠪   ᮣᮢ .
    ।   ⥬ ॣ, 祭 -
  	. 2.7  2.8  ᮤঠ ଠ樨.  ᪫祭 -
ᮢ⨬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭   騬  ࠬ,
ணࠬ      ﭨ । 
 ஢થ । . ⮬ ४, ⮡ ண-
ࠬ ਬ ᪨ , ⠪  AND,   ᪨-
 ।   ஢ન ॣ.  ᪨, ᮮ-
騥  筮  樨  । ⮢, ।⠢ 
⠡ 2.6  㤮⢠.

		  ࣠   
		  
      ⭮ 㥬.     ࣠-
	⠪,  ᠬ 訥  ᮮ⢥ ᠬ 訬
 浪 ⠬  ࠭.  ࠭  訩  祬	
    ࠧ頥   ,   , N, ᮮ⢥
ᠬ 襬 饬   ,  ᫥⥫쭮,  ᠬ
襬  稬  ࠭. 80386  ॡ ࠢ
 ࠭  ࠭ ᮢ ᫮   ᫮.  -
襣 ᯮ,  ᫮   ࠢ  ࠭ ᫮
(  2),    ᫮ -  	࠭  
᫮ (  4).  䥪⨢ ।,  -
 ࠢ  ன ࠭ , ᮮ⢥饣 ࠧ
࠭.   ॡ ࠢ ,   -
䥪⨢  ,   ,  ᠭ ଠ-
樨  । ࠢ  ᫮  ࠭,  -
⮣ ᨬ쭮  ।⢥ 롮  ᫥-
饩  .	 , ঠ   80386 
⮢묨; 楫᫥  8, 16  32-  ࠧ來;  㯠-
	   㯠  ᫠, 㥬 
; ᫥⥫쭮 楫᫥ ,    8,
16    32-  ࠧ來	⮢;  㪠⥫  襭,
  ᥫ  ᬥ饭. 	࠭  ࣠	
    . 2.13.

			     - 22 -
						       2.6
      祭  ᪨ । ⮢  ॣ
    -------------------------------------------------------
		       ⥬  EFLAG
		     -------------------
Ŀ
 	  祭  ᪨	    -    ਨ
Ĵ
		     筮					 
CRO	10000000 00000000 00000000 00011111  8000 00IF		 
CR2		    ॡ 		          
						       ।
CR3	11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000  FFFF F000		 
DR0-DR3 	    ॡ 		          
						       ।
DR6	00000000 00000000 11100000 00001111  0000 E00F		 
DR7	11111111 11111111 00100011 11111111  FFFF 23FF		 
TR6	11111111 11111111 11111111 111000011 FFFF FFE1		 
TR7	11111111 11111111 11110000 00011100  FFFF F0IC		 
IDTR						          
GDTR		    ॡ 		       ।
LDTR								 
EFLAG	00000000 00000011 01111111 11010101  0003 7FD5		 
Ĵ
		     1:  ।			 
		     0:  ।			 


	⮢ 
7	0 7		0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
Ĵ
 n+37 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 n+1 n  n-1 n-2 n-3

				     
		ᬥ饭  : n

	᫥  ࠧ஬  
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+3 n+2 n+1MSB LSB n-1 n-2 n-3
       
				        : n

       ᫥  ࠧ஬  ᫮
		7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
		Ĵ
		 n+3MSB  ᫮   LSB n-1 n-2 n-3
		
				        : n

       ᫥  ࠧ஬   ᫮
		7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	    0
		Ĵ
		 n+4MSB   ᫮		 LSB n-1
		

			     - 23 -
         ,㥬 묨 묨
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+3 n+2 n+1MSBLSB n-1 n-2 n-3
       
				        : n

       㯠  ,㥬 묨 묨
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+3 n+2 ;  MSD ; LSB n-1 n-2 n-3
       
				        : n

      ᫥⥫쭮  ࠧ஬  
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+3 n+2 n+1 n  n-1 n-2 n-3
       
				        : n
       (᫥⥫쭮  ࠧ஬  ᫮  
	᫮  ᫥⥫쭮 ࠧ஬  )

      ⥫  襭 (16- ࠧ來)
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+4    ᥫ	  ᬥ饭 16-ࠧ. n-1 n-2
       
				        : n

      ⥫  襭 (32- ࠧ來)
	7      0 7	0 7	 0 7	 0 7	  0 7	   0 7	     0
       Ĵ
        n+6     ᥫ	      32- ࠧ來 ᬥ饭      
       
				        : n
  .2.13 ࣠ ⨯  80386  

		        
		       
    饭        롮   -
. , ந騥 饭   ᮤঠ  ଠ-
,  筮 । ⮤ 㯠  .  -
樨 -  ⮤, ᯮ㥬  㯠  ,  䥪⨢-
  -   祩 .  樨  ⠪
।  ॣ  80386   ࠧ饭 ࠭. 
  ࠭     砥:

			     - 24 -
    . ।  ᥣ ॡ  -
    
 ⮤ 樨  ࠭, 室      -
. ਬ,  PUSH ᥣ ᯮ 㪠⥫ ⥪
 樨.
    筮 । ॣ.  ᯮ   饭
    
 । ॣ  80386, ਬ,  ADO AX, DX.
       ⮤ 樨.  ᯮ    -
    
᫥ 䥪⨢  .
      ⮤   ᠬ㦤.  ࠣ
뢠  ⨩ ⮤: ० 樨. ⮤ 樨 -
 ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨  80386   ᫥  -
䥪⨢ ,  롮  祩    -
  ᭮ ࠭⢥ .
      樨  祭  .  設⢮  砥
ᯥ䨪 ० 樨.

		  ᭮ ࠭⢮ 
		  
    80386 ন ᪮쪮  ।⠢ ࠭⢠
. 㠫쭮 ᭮ ࠭⢮ -  ࠭⢮ -
㯭	ணࠬ;  䨧᪮  ᭮  ࠭⢮  -  
࠭⢮ ॠ쭮 ஥  ⠫ . 80386 -
ন 32- ࠧ來 䨧᪮ ᭮  ࠭⢮  	4
  (   4 294 967 296 ⮢)   , 46- ࠧ來
㠫쭮  ᭮ ࠭⢮, ஥ ਬ୮ 16  400  ࠧ
 䨧᪮ ࠭⢠.
    㠫  ᮤন 祭 ᥫ ᥣ  -
祭  ᬥ饭,        . 2.14.  ᮤন
13- ࠧ來 ,  ⥬ `  ⮬  -
䨪 ⠡  32- ࠧ來 ᬥ饭,  ᯥ稢 -
 46- ࠧ來 㠫  , ᫥⥫쭮, -
					  46
쭮 ᭮ ࠭⢮   2   (64  ).
    ᪨	 ᮮ⢥ 32- ࠧ來 祭, 
㥬  . 2.15, ᯥ稢  䨧᪮  -
			   32
᭮ ࠭⢮ 	  2  .
    46		     34 33 32 31				0
    
    	      TI RL 				
    
  .2.14 㠫 

			     31 				0
			     
			     	     		
			     
  .2.15 ᪨ 

			᫥ 
			
    ᫥	 80386 ந室  㠫쭮 ᭮
࠭⢠  䨧᪮  ᭮  ࠭,  १  -
쪮 ஬ 祭.
        ࠧ  ࠭, ᫥  -
⢫   蠣 ࠡ⪨,   . 2.16. -
,    : , ᬥ饭    -
஢,  㬬  (  믮 )  ଥ

			     - 25 -
32- ࠧ來 䥪⨢ ,   ᬥ饭 
⥪饬 ᥣ.  ஬ ⠯,    ⥪饣  ᥣ
ਡ  (믮  ᭮  )   ନ஢
32- ࠧ來  .  쥬 ⠯,   ࠧ-
    ࠨ  ᪠,  ன⢮ ࠧ  ࠭
࠭᫨    32- ࠧ來 䨧᪨	.	
祭  ࠭樨,  ன⢮  ࠧ   ࠭ 
訥 20  ࠧ冷 䨧᪮  ࠭.  訥 -
 ࠧ冷, ᬥ饭 ࠭,    ࠧ  
							12
࠭, ..  ࠭   4096  (2  ⮢).
     ࠧ  ࠭  ᪠,   
ᠬ ᯮ  䨧᪨ .    . 2.17,
᫥    ⢫  	 蠣 ࠡ⪨, 
ࠧ  ࠭  ᪠; 䥪⨢     ⥬
䨧᪨  .

			 樨
			
      樨 80386  筮 ।  -
 ᯮ  ᫥ .  	-
⮢ (, ᬥ饭   ⠡஢),   
    ᯮ짮  ᫥ 䥪⨢-
 . ࠭ ० 樨 । ᯮ㥬 -
.
    80386 ন 32- ࠧ來  16- ࠧ來 樨,
 ।⠢  ⠡. 1.1 , ᫥⥫쭮, ᯥ稢 
	०  樨. 32- ࠧ來 ० 樨, ..
०  㬮砭  ᯮ㥬  32- ࠧ來 樨, 
饬   . 2.16  2.17,   32- ࠧ-
來 䥪⨢ . 16- ࠧ來 ० 樨, ०-
  㬮砭  16-  ࠧ來  樨,    16-
ࠧ來  䥪⨢	.	16-  ࠧ來 ० 樨
 ᮢ⨬  8086; 32- ࠧ來 ० 樨  -
	㯥  ஬,  騬  ᮪   ⨬쭮
⠡஢  .
    䨪  ࠧ  ,     . 2.18, 
⮬,   ࠧ ।   ४祭
० 樨    㬮砭   ୠ⨢  .
  32- ࠧ來 ० 樨   㬮砭,
䨪 ࠧ  력 16- ࠧ來  ०  -
樨. ,  16- ࠧ來 ० 樨 -
   㬮砭,  䨪 ࠧ  뢠 32- ࠧ-
 ० 樨. 䨪 ࠧ   ⮫쪮  -
, ன  ।.  16- ࠧ來 ०  -
樨 뢠   4; 32- ࠧ來 -   7.
			   7		   0
			  -------------------
			  | 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 | = 67
			  -------------------
		      䨪 ࠧ 
		   . 2.18. 䨪 ࠧ 

			     - 26 -
			       31	      15	     0
			       Ŀ
        ॣ:        	祭 	     
			       
						 
	  31	       15	       0	 
	  Ŀ	 
	   - - -	       	    
饭:  ७   .        +	    32
	  	    2
						 
	  31				0	 
	  Ŀ	 
 					    
ॣ:  	祭 	+	    32
	     	    2
					    	 
					    	 
			Ŀ   	 
			 ⠡	   	 
			 ⥫		      蠣 1
				 
			 1, 2, 4,  8 	 
						 
	   31			       0	 
  Ŀ	 
	   			       	    
ᥣ:  	   ᥣ        +	    32
	   			       	    2
	   	 
						 	    蠣 2
						 
						 
						   
						    =
						 
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -
						 
				31	  12 11  	     0
				---------------|
࠭ ࠧ		࠭ 	   ᬥ饭 |
 ࠭:			 ࠭   	 	     |
						   ࠭|
				--------------
						 
						   
						   
						 	  蠣 3
						 
			       31	      15 	     0
			       Ŀ
᪨ :	             ᪨ 	     
			       

  .2.16 ᫥ 32- ࠧ來  ( 
	   ࠧ  ࠭)

			     - 27 -
			       31	      15	     0
			       Ŀ
        ॣ:        	祭 	     
			       
						 
	  31	       15	       0	 
	  Ŀ	 
	   - - -	       	    
饭:  ७   .        +	    32
	  	    2
						 
	  31				0	 
	  Ŀ	 
 					    
ॣ:  	祭 	+	    32
	     	    2
					    	 
					    	 
			Ŀ   	 
			 ⠡	   	 
			 ⥫		 	    蠣 1
				 
			 1, 2, 4,  8 	 
						 
	   31			       0	 
  Ŀ	 
	   			       	    
ᥣ:  	   ᥣ        +	    32
	   			       	    2
	   	 
						 	    蠣 2
						 
						 
				    	   
				    	   
						 
						 
			       31	      15 	     0
			       Ŀ
			       			     
᪨ :	             ᪨ 	     
			       
  .2.17 ᫥ 32- ࠧ來  ( ࠧ
	    ࠭)

			롮 ॣ ᥣ
			
     ॣ஢ ᥣ 80386 㪠뢠,  ᥣ -
  㯭       믮饩 . 
,     筮    㪠뢠  筮
ॡ㥬 ᥣ. 筮 ॣ ᥣ 롨ࠥ ,  ᮣ-
᭮  ࠢ ।⠢  ⠡. 2.6.  ⠡ 뢠-
,  ᯮ ᥣ, 㪠뢠 ॣ஬ SS;    饬,
    饭  , ᯮ ᥣ, 㪠뢠 -
஬ DS.  ࠧ饭 न୮  䥪⨢.

			     - 28 -
						       2.7
		   ࠢ 롮 ॣ ᥣ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
				    |ᯮ짮| -
        饭  	    |ᥣ	|䨪, ⢥-
				    |  㬮砭  |騥 ᥣ
-----------------------------------------------------------------
롮ઠ  ணࠬ  	 CS	       
筨  POP, POPA		 SS	       
ᠭ  PUSH, PUSHA		 SS	       
㣨 饭  묨, 
 䥪⨢ , -
 ॣ :
	   [EAX]			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    EBX 			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    ECX 			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    EDX 			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    ESI 			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    EDI*			 DC	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    EBP 			 SS	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
	    ESP 			 SS	   CS,SS,ES,FS,GS
-----------------------------------------------------------------
 *  饭      ᠭ⮢ ᫥⥫쭮 
STOS, REP, STOS,MOVS  REP MOUS ᯮ EDI  ॣ  
ESI  ॣ ᥣ,   ⢥থ ᥣ.
     롮   ⢥࣭      䨪
⢥থ ᥣ. 䨪 ⢥থ ᥣ, ᫨ ࠧ頥-
  ,  ᯮ짮  ॣ ᥣ, -
࣠	  ࠢ  ⠡. 2.6. 䨪 ⢥থ ᥣ
뢠   3.   몥 ᥬ, ਢ  -
 㯮ॡ 䨪 ⢥থ ᥣ:
   TEST  CS:[EBP+q];	࠭  CS, ᥣ ணࠬ
   MOV EBX, ES: [EDI];	࠭  ES, ୠ⨢ ᥣ
			
